Whatever the sample size, Galambos copula does not change. It remains constant. This is quite singular. To demonstrate this, we'll show that generalized completely independent of size. Unlike Gumbel, Ali-Michael and Haq, certainly others, whose generalization depends on special. Gumbel's, Galambos's size-dependent.

An effective decision support system needs to deal with several heterogeneous data sources. Sometimes, the knowledge was explored without integration data sources are wrong. Also, Decision support system is weak in the reusability. To address these challenges, this paper proposes semantic enhancement on the gene expression model (genotype/phenotype system) as an Evolutionary Algorithm to be sui...

The exposition here follows the lecture delivered at the summer school, and hence, contains neither precision, breadth of comprehension, nor depth of insight. The goal rather is the curious one of providing a loose introduction to the excellent introductions that already exist, together with scattered parenthetical commentary. The inadequate nature of the exposition is certainly worst in the th...

Handling vagueness was one of the motivations for proposing the rough set theory (Pawlak, 2004, see also Pawlak, 1982, 1991, 2003). In this chapter, we present algebraic foundations of the rough set theory from that perspective. Vagueness is understood according to the tertium.non.datur principle from traditional logic; the contemporary version of this principle is called the law of excluded mi...

Some cruciferous plants may serve as preventive treatments for several medical conditions; our objective was to systematically investigate their safety in humans. Four electronic databases were searched, and, of 10,831 references identified, 50 were included. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers, whereafter the association between interventions and adverse events was assessed. Adver...

W ITHOUT CHARITIES, THE United States would not be able to operate, says Charity Navigator, the mostwidely used, independent evaluator of US philanthropic organizations. Can the same be said of professional member associations? That is, would dietetics be able to operate without the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics* Foundation? Although a philanthropic organization that supports an allied hea...

T splashy attention and criticism of neuroeconomics is a referendum on how curious economists are about how the brain makes economic decisions and whether new insights can tweak old models or inspire new ones. At one extreme is aggressive disinterest in brain activity. This disinterest is motivated by the methodological history and convention of economists working extra hard, and ingeniously, t...

In an interesting article Wieteke van Dijk and colleagues argue that societal developments and values influence the practice of medicine, and thus can result in both medicalisation and overdiagnosis. They provide a convincing argument that overdiagnosis emerges in a social context and that it has socially constructed implications. However, they fail to show that overdiagnosis per se is socially...

While the machinery of quantitative genetics can blissfully function in complete ignorance of any of the underlying genetic details, we are certainly interested (at least one some level) on the genetic basis of trait variation. At the most practical level, if a gene of major effect is segregating in our population of interest, we would certainly like to not only to be aware of this, but also to...

An old proverb states "necessity is the mother of invention." This certainly holds true in science as one pursues research questions. Experimental techniques have evolved as scientists have asked more specific research questions. Indeed, techniques such as the Ussing chamber, the perfused renal tubule preparation, patch-clamp, polymerase chain reaction, and site-directed mutagenesis have been d...