CEnVlCAL OSTEOTOM~ for severe ankylosing spondylitis involving the cervical spine is uncommon. Yet, there are occasions when one may be called upon to provide anaesthesia for such an operation. At present there are no comprehensive reports on its anaesthetic management. The largest series of cervical osteotomy was reported by Simmons of Toronto, who at the time of his report had operated on 20 ...

The brachial plexus is situated in the posterior triangle of the cervical region and in the axilla. This plexus is a union of the lower four cervical (C5, C6, C7, and C8) ventral rami and the first thoracic (T1) ventral ramus. At the lateral border of the anterior scalene muscle, the five roots unite to form the upper, middle, and lower trunks, each of which splits into anterior and posterior d...

BACKGROUND The V2 segment of the vertebral artery is very vulnerable to injury during cervical spine surgery. The incidence of vertebral artery injury during anterior cervical spine procedures is reported to be 0.22-2.77 %. This is partially due to its variable course while running in the transverse foramens of the cervical vertebrae. CASE PRESENTATION The course of the vertebral artery in th...

Pathology ................................................................ 8.1. Zygapophysialjoints. ...................................................... 8.2. Disc ................................................................ 8.3. Muscles .............................................................. 8.4. Trigger points and myofascial pain .............................................. 8.5...

The evolution of the human pattern of axial segmentation has been the focus of considerable discussion in paleoanthropology. Although several complete lumbar vertebral columns are known for early hominins, to date, no complete cervical or thoracic series has been recovered. Several partial skeletons have revealed that the thoracolumbar transition in early hominins differed from that of most ext...

chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign cartilaginous neoplasm that mostly affects the metaphyseal region of the long bones. the tibia, small tubular bones of the foot, the distal femur and pelvis are common locations, but involvement of the vertebral bones, especially the cervical vertebra, is very rare. radiographic features show typical characteristics and this tumor often presents as a lobul...

A high prevalence of cervical vertebrae anomalies (CVA) has been recently associated with various malocclusions. Our aim was to study the prevalence of CVA on lateral cephalograms in Class II subjects and to compare the findings with those obtained from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Standardized cephalograms of 238 Class II patients were analysed for CVA. Cephalogram and CBCT were avail...

The goal of this study was to conduct a detailed computed tomography (CT) assessment in the Brazilian population of the screw starting point, trajectory, and dimensions of pedicle in the cervical spine.Two hundred consecutive patients were retrospectively evaluated using cervical spine CT, with imaging reconstruction of each cervical vertebrae in the axial plane with 2 mm, and in sagittal recon...

BACKGROUND Knowledge of the morphometric anatomy of cervical pedicles is essential for the safe and accurate placement of pedicle screws during instrumentation of the cervical spine. Screw placement in the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae is considered as a safe practice, unlike the cervical vertebrae due to the risks involved. There are few reports on this technique. The little available informat...

STUDY DESIGN The motion of each cervical vertebra during simulated rear-end car collisions was analyzed. OBJECTIVES To clarify the mechanism of zygapophysial joint injury during whiplash loading. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The zygapophysial joint is the suspected origin of neck pain after rear-end car collision. However, no studies have been conducted on the mechanisms of zygapophysial join...