abstract financial crises and currency instabilities within developing and emerging economies during the last decade had a tremendous impact on the economic performance and increased vulnerability of economies against domestic and foreign shocks. the timing of capital liberalization is one of the significant debates among other issues related to currency instability, and it would be more conven...

in this paper, i investigated the determinants of financial development with emphasis on social capital. first, i explain the relationship between financial development and its determinants, then estimate the model with gregory–hansen (1996) and johansen-juselious cointegration techniques in i.r. of iran (1971-2006). the results showed that, inflation and decline in social capital and weak prop...

Natural stones (armourstones) of varying sizes and qualities are frequently used to construct breakwaters protect coastal engineering structures from wave actions for economic reasons. Time-related armourstone deterioration in the form abrasion disintegration may result structural damage. Therefore, it is necessary investigate performance quality armourstones, which should be robust long-lastin...

Article history: Received 24 June 2011 Revised 12 May 2012 Available online 25 May 2012 JEL classification: O12 O17 O50 P48

Article history: Received 17 February 2014 Received in revised form 7 May 2014 Accepted 7 May 2014 Available online xxxx JEL classification: A13 C23 J30

Definitions of sequential equilibrium and perfect equilibrium are given in games of imperfect recall. Subtleties regarding the definition are discussed. JEL Classification numbers: C70, D81.

Article history: Received 15 April 2011 Received in revised form 19 October 2012 Available online 30 October 2012 JEL classification: E24 J23 J63 J64 O39

Article history: Received 11 December 2009 Received in revised form 21 August 2010 Accepted 5 October 2010 Available online xxxx JEL classification: C7 H2