Nanoscale polarization switching in ferroelectric materials by piezoresponse force microscopy in weak and strong indentation limits is analyzed using exact solutions for coupled electroelastic fields under the tip. Tip-induced domain switching is mapped on the Landau theory of phase transitions, with domain size as an order parameter. For a point charge interacting with a ferroelectric surface,...

The radioactive isotopes of lithium have been the subject of numerous investigations, particularly after the discovery of the exotic Halo nucleus Li in 1985 [1]. Matter radii, excited states and electromagnetic moments have been determined. But the charge distribution inside the nuclei and how it is affected by the increasing number of neutrons is still an open question. Charge radii from cross...

We examine the flow organization induced by charge injection from a needle of small radius of curvature into an insulating dielectric liquid. Experimental results are presented for the electrical current as a function of the point-plane distance and of the applied voltage. Schlieren visualization reveals the existence of very thin plumes which are slightly vacillating. An approximate analysis o...

Abstract We report on a comprehensive reinterpretation of the existing cross-section data for elastic electron-proton scattering obtained by initial-state radiation technique, resulting in significantly improved accuracy extracted proton charge radius. By refining external energy corrections we have achieved an outstanding description radiative tail, essential detailed investigation finite-size...

We present our results on the electromagnetic form factor of pion over a wide range ${Q}^{2}$ using lattice QCD simulations with Wilson-clover valence quarks and highly improved staggered quark sea quarks. study at physical point spacing $a=0.076\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$. To mass effects, we also for 300 MeV two different spacings $a=0.04$ 0.06 fm. The calculations appear to agree experiment...

Ion evaporation is an essential step in the formation of charged ions from electrosprays, yet many aspects of the process are poorly understood. The ion evaporation kinetics of the 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium+ (EMI+) based ionic liquids (ILs) EMI-BF4, EMI-bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, EMI-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and EMI-tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide (EMI-Methide) are studi...

Research conducted in laboratory on long sparks shows that the breakdown voltage of spark gaps increases the presence of corona emission from one or both of the electrodes. This observation together with other reasoning based on intuition has led some scientists to suggest the possibility of avoiding a lightning strike to a building by introducing sufficient quantities of space charge around it...