Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme that synthesizes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), is thought to be present in kinetic excess in cholinergic neurons. The rate-limiting factor in ACh production is the provision of choline to ChAT. Cholinergic neurons are relatively unique in their expression of the choline transporter 1 (CHT1), which exhibits high-affinity for choline and ca...

The mouse gastro-intestinal and biliary tract mucosal epithelia harbor choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive brush cells with taste cell-like traits. With the aid of two transgenic mouse lines that express green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the ChAT promoter (EGFP (ChAT) ) and by using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry we found that EGFP (ChAT) cells were clu...

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In the scope of the"Chess-Bot"project, this study's goal is to choose the right model for the robotic arm that the"the Chess-Bot"will use to move the pawn from a cell to another. In this paper, there is the definition and the structure of a robot arm. Also, the different engineering and kinematics fundamentals of the robot and its components will be detailed. Furthermore, the different structur...

Traditionally, the programming of bot behaviors for commercial computer games applies rule-based approaches. But even complex or fuzzyfied automatons cannot really challenge experienced players. This contribution examines whether bot programming can be treated as a pattern recognition problem and whether behaviors can be learned from recorded games. First, we sketch a technical computing interf...

This paper gives an overview of impersonation bots that generate output in one or possibly, multiple modalities. We also discuss rapidly advancing areas of machine learning and artificial intelligence that could lead to frighteningly powerful new multi-modal social bots. Our main conclusion is that most commonly known bots are one dimensional (i.e., chatterbot), and far from deceiving serious i...

This paper presents an interactive genetic algorithm for generating a human-like autonomous player (bot) for the game Unreal Tournament 2004. It is based on a bot modelled from the knowledge of an expert human player. The algorithm provides two types of interaction: by an expert in the game and by an expert in the algorithm. Each one affects different aspects of the evolution, directing it towa...