Background: Sulfur compounds must be removed from petroleum because they contribute to environmental pollution. A strong alkaline solution such as caustic soda is used to remove these compounds. This spent caustic has high values for chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration, pH and total sulfur. In this study, the regeneration and treatment methodology of sulfidic spent caustic was inve...

This paper reviews various separation techniques used in purification processes to remove pollutants like carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from petroleum products. The most effective include absorption, adsorption, cryogenic distillation, chemical looping combustion, membrane separation. study over 100 published studies assess their characteristics, benefits, drawbacks. choice of technology ...

The aim of this review is to characterise the biological and biophysical background of in vitro bone tissue engineering. The paper focuses on basic principles in extracorporal engineering of bone-like tissues, considering parameters such as scaffold design, tissue construction, bioreactors, and cell stimulation in vivo and in vitro. Scaffolds have a key function concerning cellular invasion and...

Mechanisms that control cell-cycle dynamics during tissue regeneration require elucidation. Here we find in zebrafish that regeneration of the epicardium, the mesothelial covering of the heart, is mediated by two phenotypically distinct epicardial cell subpopulations. These include a front of large, multinucleate leader cells, trailed by follower cells that divide to produce small, mononucleate...