The engrailed gene has been identified in Drosophila as an important developmental gene involved in the control of segmentation. Here we describe the embryonic expression of a chicken gene, ChickEn (Darnell et al.: J Cell Biol 103(5):311a, 1986), which contains homology to the Drosophila engrailed gene. Northern blots of early chick embryo tissue poly(A)+ RNA resulted in hybridization to at lea...

Thus, Bohnhoff et al. (1) made mice more susceptible to oral challenge with a streptomycin-resistant strain of Salmonella enteritidis by pretreatment with streptomycin. They concluded that this increase in susceptibility resulted from a disturbance of the normal intestinal microflora. Using a similar method, Freter (2-4) was able to induce an asymptomatie carrier state in guinea pigs and mice w...

In 1951 Viktor Hamburger [4] and Howard Hamilton created an embryonic staging series from a combination of photographs and drawings from other researchers. The Hamburger?Hamilton stages are a sequence of images depicting 46 chronological stages in chick [5] development. The images begin with a fertilized egg [6] and end with a fully developed chick [5]. The Hamburger-Hamilton staging series was...

Objective(s): In veterinary medicine, zeolites are used as toxin binder in animal feed, ammonia purification of aquatic pools, animal smell and moisture control. This study investigated on the risk assessment of nano zeolite on development of embryonic chicken models, anomalies, tetratogenic and embryotoxic effects. Methods: Eggs (120 = n) were accidentally di...

The efficacy of various culture systems was studied for the development of in-vitro produced Caprine embryos . For this purpose, 2 to 4 cell stage caprine embryos matured and fertilized under in vitro conditions were cultured with four culture systems (cumulus cell monolayers, oviductal cell monolayers, chick embryo and rabbit peritoneal fluid) and a control system (TCM-199 + FCS) for about 5 d...

UDP-Glucuronyltransferase (GT) activity increases in chick embryo liver during culture from zero to a steady-state level at or above adult values. The GT activity (o-aminophenol as acceptor) is located entirely in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the question arises whether ER increases along with GT. Earlier work showed that the synthesis and degradation rates of GT can be v...

Vertebrate development is best studied in an intact embryo model, but a robust interface between time-lapse microscopy and in vivo embryo health and maintenance can be difficult to achieve in model systems that rely on external factors for life support. This protocol presents a system for in ovo culture and time-lapse imaging of fluorescently labeled cells within living avian embryos, using a T...

Protection against group B meningococcal infection was examined using the chick embryo. 12-day-old embryos were challenged intravenously with various meningococcal strains. The chick embryo has an active reticuloendothelial system but lacks functional complement. In this model we found that protection against group B infection was primarily group specific. The group B polysaccharide antibody is...