In this paper we first develop two new STIT based deontic logics capable of solving the miners puzzle. The key idea is to use pessimistic lifting to lift the preference over worlds into the preference over sets of worlds. We also discuss a more general version of the miners puzzle in which plausibility is involved. In order to deal with the more general puzzle we add a modal operator representi...

Coal mines is one of the major source of energy in India, but its surrounding environment is very toxic to the persons living near these plants. A small case study has been done with relation to GIT problems and related disorders of the miners. In this study 200 people were selected including male and female and they were divided according to their age. Questionnaires related to GIT problems we...

The aim of this study was an analysis of the relationship between pineal hormone melatonin level and long-term occupational exposure to elemental mercury vapour (Hg) of ex-mercury miners. Melatonin (MEL) is a hormonal product of the pineal gland. Hg accumulation in the pineal gland in ex-miners could modify the synthesis of melatonin and there are no data available in the scientific literature ...

The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and silicosis was studied by means of a case-control study in South African gold miners. One hundred and fifty seven miners with rheumatoid arthritis classified as "definite" (91) or "probable" (66) were individually matched by year of birth with miners who had no evidence of rheumatoid arthritis. Unmatched analysis of the case-control status for "p...

Fifty eight coal miners attended the Royal Gwent Accident and Emergency Department with serious hand injuries over a three year period. The commonest cause of the injuries was falling rock or coal from the pit roof crushing the hand and the commonest type of injury was the crushed, compound fracture of the terminal phalangeal area of the digit, with or without pulp loss. Records of the time off...

Pulmonary tuberculosis is relatively frequent in workers exposed to silica or a mixed dust containing silica (Marchand, 1972). This increased susceptibility has been shown in relation to silica itself (Hunter, i962),coal (Rivers, James, Davies & Thompson, 1957) and talc (Siegal, Smith & Grecnburg, 1943). Since graphite too contains a proportion of silica which is about 2 % in the purest commerc...

We analyze the protocol of bitcoin blockchain by using PRISM probabilistic model checker. In particular, we (i) extend with ledger data type, (ii) behavior key participants in protocol—the miners—and (iii) describe whole as a parallel composition processes. The analysis highlights how forks happen and they depend on specific parameters protocol, such difficulty cryptopuzzle network communicatio...

We make several contributions that quantify the real-time hash rate and therefore the consensus of a blockchain. We show that by using only the hash value of blocks, we can estimate and measure the hash rate of all miners or individual miners, with quantifiable accuracy. We apply our techniques to the Ethereum and Bitcoin blockchains; our solution applies to any proof-of-work-based blockchain t...