Introduction Recent studies have shown that Fibre Bragg Gratings are well suited to studying the mechanical behaviour of composites [1]. A Fibre Bragg Grating is a small segment of optical fibre with a core of germanium doped silica which gives a periodic and permanent perturbation of the refractive index. An FBG acts like a selective wavelength mirror, reflecting a particular wavelength (Fig. ...

We present a new type of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in which we etch the grating into the flat surface of a D-shaped optical fiber. Instead of being written in the core of the fiber, as are standard FBGs, these surface-relief FBGs are placed in the cladding above the core. These gratings are a viable alternative to standard FBGs for sensing applications. We describe the fabrication process for e...

We report on what is to our knowledge the first fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings by UV femtosecond radiation. The Bragg gratings, with photoinduced refractive-index modulation up to 1.92 x 10(-3) in H2-loaded SMF-28 and up to 1.05 x 10(-3) in Nufern GF1 fibers, were written by high-intensity (31-77-GW/cm2) femtosecond pulses at 264 nm. The dependence of the refractive-index modulation on int...

The central theme of this article is the analysis usefulness introducing four-wave mixing or modulation Kerr nonlinearity in a nonuniform grating structure with gain and loss. To do so, we propose an inhomogeneous system which $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric modulated. It proven that proposed scheme can be fruitful only if its associated terms are assumed to self-defocusing ones. In order cut down int...

In this paper, the coupled mode theory is used to analyze apodized fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). Since the profile of gratings varies with the propagation distance, the coupled mode equations (CMEs) of apodized FBGs are solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method (RKM) and piecewise-uniform approach (PUA). We present two discretization techniques of PUA to analyze the apodization profile of gr...

We present a broadband optical parametric amplifier design using tapered gain and tandem chirped quasi-phase-matching gratings to obtain flat gain and group-delay spectra suitable for applications such as ultrashort-pulse amplification and fiber-optic communication systems. Although a tapered-gain amplifier consisting of a single chirped grating can provide constant gain over a wide frequency r...

A novel technique for programming broadband true-time delays that uses two frequency-offset temporally overlapped linear frequency-chirped pulses to produce periodic spectral gratings in an inhomogeneously broadened absorber is presented. Advantages of this technique include its ability to use chirped pulses that are longer than the coherence time of the crystal, less stringent laser frequency-...