Control of Delia radicum (cabbage maggot) in field collards (Brassica oleracea) was compared after one or two applications of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae (All strain) and Heterorhabditis bacterophora (HP88 strain), a single application of granular chlorpyrifos, and a water-only treatment. Nematodes were applied with a sprayer during the egg stage of first-generation D. r...

Although organophosphorus pesticides (OP) share a common mode of action, there is increased awareness that they elicit a diverse range of gene expression responses. As yet however, there is no clear understanding of these responses and how they interact with ambient environmental conditions. In the present study, we investigated genome-wide gene expression profiles in the nematode Caenorhabditi...

For the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos, median inhalation noncancer, acute children's exposures in agricultural communities are elevated above reference doses; for diazinon, similar exposures are nearly elevated. We used multivariate linear regression analysis to examine the temporal and spatial associations between agricultural use and measured air concentrations of chlorpyrifos, chlor...

Constructed wetlands have been proposed as a potential best management practice (BMP) to mitigate effects of pesticide-associated agricultural runoff. Wetland mesocosms (14 m x 59-73 m) were amended with chlorpyrifos to simulate a storm runoff event at concentrations of 73, 147 and 733 microg/l. Water, sediment and plant samples collected weekly for 12 weeks indicated that chlorpyrifos rapidly ...

Genetic and environmental factors are both likely to contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and major depressive disorders. Prior studies from our laboratory and others have demonstrated that the combinatorial effect of two factors-reduced expression of reelin protein and prenatal exposure to the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos oxon...

Toxicity persistence to the nontarget amphipod Hyalella curvispina in runoff events following chlorpyrifos applications to soy experimental plots was compared in conventional and no-till management. Two application scenarios were compared: an early-season application with the soil almost bare and a late-season application after the foliage had attained complete soil cover. H. curvispina was exp...

This article accounts for a novel impedance immunosensor based on the specificity reaction of the antigen-antibody and the sensitivity of the interdigitated array microelectrode (IDAM) for the determination of chlorpyrifos residues. The basic knowledge of immunoassay was in relation to its IDAM electrode surface modification, antibody immobilization, bovine serum albumin (BSA) blocking and samp...

OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether neighborhood characteristics correlated with early neurodevelopment and whether these characteristics confounded the previously reported association between exposure to chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate insecticide) and neurodevelopment. METHODS We obtained prenatal addresses, chlorpyrifos exposure data, and 36-month Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) and Menta...

Chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, spinosad and buprofezin were tested against the second instar larvae and adults (except buprofezin) of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea. The results showed that chlorpyrifos was more toxic to second instar larvae than lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, spinosad and buprofezin with LC50 values of 1.78, 8.81, 26.9, 294.36 and 997.05 ppm respect...

OBJECTIVES Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate ingredient of several important insecticides, has been manufactured at The Dow Chemical Company for 25 years. A previous morbidity study among employees of The Dow Chemical Company found no increased prevalence of illness or symptoms among employees potentially exposed to chlorpyrifos from 1977 to 1985 compared with matched controls. The purpose of th...