chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is associated with a chronic inflammatory response in airways and lung parenchyma that results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. cigarette smoking considered as an important risk factor plays a role in pathogenesis of disease. pneumocystis jirovecii is an atypical opportunistic fungus that causes pneumonia in immunosuppressed host, al...

During air travel, increasing hypoxia with altitude ascent is a potentially serious problem for patients hypoxemic chronic airway obstruction (CAO). Travel by the most popular way of transport nowadays & estimated that each year worldwide, more than 3 billion passengers travel 736 million in United States alone. For passengers, even those respiratory disease, safe and comfortable. Some COPD...

1 The British Thoracic Society. Intermediate care – hospital-athome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. British Thoracic Society guidelines. Thorax 2007; 62: 200–210. 2 British Lung Foundation. Invisible lives – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) – finding the missing millions. www.lunguk.org Date last updated: November 2007. Date last accessed: April 2008. 3 Global Initiative f...

RATIONALE Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by abnormal airways secretions, chronic endobronchial infection, and progressive airway obstruction. The use of medications to slow the progression of lung disease has led to significant improvement in survival. An evidence review of chronic medications for CF lung disease was performed in 2007 to provide guidance to...

abstract background: chronic illnesses such as coronary heart disease are among the most prevalent and costly of all global health problems. coronary heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, including iran. one aspect of living with chronic illness is self-management which can reduce the impact of illness on daily life and maintain the quality of life. a qualitative understanding of...

sarcopenia and physical inactivity synergistically progress in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd) and are strong predictors of mortality in this population. exercise training and essential amino acids and vitamin d supplements may contribute to improving sarcopenia and physical inactivity in ckd patients.

background: depression and smoking decrease health status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), but the combined effect of the two factors is unknown. this study aimed to assess the interactive effects of depression and smoking on the severity of patients with copd. methods: a prospective cohort study including 2,268 patients with copd was conducted in seven rural communities from ma...

primary immunodeficiency diseases (pid) consist of a group of long-term illnesses which had permanent psychiatric effects on the patients and their parents. this study was designed to find out the most important origins and aspects of stressor in parents of pid patients.to assess the  impact of  psychiatric aspects in parents  of pid  patients, a valid and reliable questionnaire was compiled ba...

objectives the present study aims at evaluating the emotional and behavioural profile in children suffering from nafld and the quality of life in their mothers. patients and methods a total of 57 children (18 females/39 males) with nafld were compared to 39 age-matched control children (25 females/14 males). all participants were submitted to the following psychological tools to assess behavior...

abstract   background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and is an important health economic problem. since 1960, there has been an increase in mortality associated with copd, especially in men. acute exacerbations form a major component of the socioeconomic burden of copd which mainly results in long-term hospitalization. despite the high...