Associations as abstractions over collaborations are motivated and explored. Associations are seen as first class concepts at both modeling and programming levels. Associations are seen as concepts/phenomena and possess properties. Various notations for collaboration in object-oriented programming and modeling are discussed and compared to associations. Concurrent and interleaved execution of o...

The role of citizens’ initiatives figures prominently in contemporary debates on constitutional change. It is widely believed that permitting initiatives should improve the congruence between citizen preferences and policy outcomes across the spectrum of issues on which initiatives may be placed. This paper investigates the theoretical basis for this view. It begins by identifying three basic r...

* 0-7803-7952-7/03/$17.00  2003 IEEE. Abstract The notion of associations as abstractions over collaborations is motivated and explored. This kind of association is seen as first class a concept at both modeling and programming level. Associations are seen as concepts/phenomena and possess properties. Properties of associations are characterized. A general event-based information sending and r...

Model management is a framework for supporting meta-data related applications where models and mappings are manipulated as first class objects using operations such as Match, Merge, ApplyFunction, and Compose. To demonstrate the approach, we show how to use model management in two scenarios related to loading data warehouses. The case study illustrates the value of model management as a methodo...

1. ABSTRACT Forming and exploring complex objects is at the heart of a variety of emerging web applications. Historically, existing work on complex objects has been developed in two separate areas: composite item retrieval and team formation. At the same time, emerging applications that harness the wisdom of crowd workers, such as, document editing by workers, sentence translation by fans (or f...

plato in theory of philosopher-king believes that all of the members of ideal city-state, whether ruler or citizens, will attain happiness if the philosopher is the ruler. but there are paradoxes in the theory and the bases of the happiness are unstable too. in other words, plato in his theory presents hierarchical dualities (intelligible/visible world, episteme/ doxa,true/ untrue or shadow, …)...

Citizen engagement in developing countries is seen as a ‘game changer’ for development, as citizens can play a key role in contributing to service delivery decisions that hold government accountable for their actions. Recently, there has been a drive to adopt digitally innovative approaches to support social accountability monitoring in developing countries. This is especially pertinent with th...

Citizen Sensing, a correlative of Science, employs low-cost sensors to evidence local environmental issues and empowers citizens use the data they collect. Whilst motivations for participation can vary, communities affected by pollution frequently have changemaking as their goal. Social innovation is closely aligned with citizen sensing, however process co-creating practices solutions who wish ...

One of the most important functions in number theory is π(x), the number of primes at most x. Many of the proofs of the infinitude of primes fall naturally into one of two categories. First, there are those proofs which provide a lower bound for π(x). A classic example of this is Chebyshev’s proof that there is a constant c such that cx/ log x ≤ π(x). Another method of proof is to deduce a cont...

This paper describes an architectural approach that facilitates the modelling and analysis of dependable systems that are built from untrustworthy components whose designs, we assume, cannot be changed. The approach is based on the definition of an architectural style in which connectors are considered as first class entities, which embody the description of collaborative behaviour between comp...