PURPOSE Membrane depolarization and subsequent synaptic release of l-glutamate have been implicated in ischemic retinal damage. However, the mechanisms that lead to ischemia-induced retinal damage are poorly understood. In this study, KCl, a classic membrane depolarizing agent, was injected into the vitreous humor, and the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in KCl-induced retinal damage w...

In Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides 19D, citrate is transported by a secondary citrate carrier (CitP). Previous studies of the kinetics and mechanism of CitP performed in membrane vesicles of L. mesenteroides showed that CitP catalyzes divalent citrate HCit2-/H+ symport, indicative of metabolic energy generation by citrate metabolism via a secondary mechanism (C. Marty-Teysset, J....

Citrate is a major component of bone in all vertebrates, but its implications in bone have remained largely unknown. Recent studies identified that citrate is incorporated into the structure of the hydroxyapatite nanocrystal/collagen complex; and is essential for the important biomechanical properties of bone. This raises the important question, "What is the source of citrate for incorporation ...

When cells of Pseudomonas are grown on citrate as the sole carbon source they oxidize citrate and isocitrate rapidly. Fluorocitrate inhibits the oxidation of citrate. Fluorocitrate-treated cells accumulate [6-(14)C]citrate, as shown by a rapid Millipore-filtration technique. In the absence of fluorocitrate most of the [6-(14)C]-citrate is lost in the form of (14)CO(2). The isolation of a pseudo...

To investigate the possibility of transmural recording of repolarization through the ventricular wall, KCl monophasic action potential (MAP) electrodes positioned along plunge needles were developed and tested. The MAP electrode consists of a silver wire surrounded by agarose gel containing KCl, which slowly eluted into the adjacent tissue to depolarize it. In six dogs, a plunge needle containi...