An insufficient number of archaeological surveys has been carried out to date on Harappan Civilization cemeteries. One case in point is the necropolis at Rakhigarhi site (Haryana, India), one of the largest cities of the Harappan Civilization, where most burials within the cemetery remained uninvestigated. Over the course of the past three seasons (2013 to 2016), we therefore conducted excavati...

Eco-civilization is the integral product of material achievement, spiritual achievement and regulations. It’s the cultural & ethical manifestation of the harmonic coexistence of humans & nature, balanced development, sustainable prosperity. The key ideology is the harmony and equality between nature and humans, the co-existence of multi-species and the re-production of resources. The nature ide...

This paper introduces studies on Japanese Landscape and environmental design work by author. Japanese people have venerated nature from the far ancient times and led life in unison with nature. This paper describes about the characteristics of Japanese architecture, the characteristics of Japanese civilization, and influence on "Japonism" from the viewpoint of the author as a design researcher ...

From the time of ancient civilizations the pedagogy has been considered not only as a method for 'transmission of knowledge' but also for building the moral behaviour of a society (Pradhan, 2002: 29). Since its inception the teaching or pedagogy was very much concerned for the transmission of the religious, philosophical and moral traditions from one generation to the next (Pradhan, ibid; Agarw...

Climate variability during the present interglacial, the Holocene, has been rather smooth in comparison with the last glacial. Nevertheless, there were some rather abrupt climate changes. One of these changes, the desertification of the Saharan and Arabian region some 4 6 thousand years ago, was presumably quite important for human society. It could have been the stimulus leading to the foundat...

We analyze a discrete version of a recently developed ratio dependent population-resource model. This model has been used to study the decline of the human and resource populations on Easter Island and the chaotic dynamics of moose and wolf populations in Canada. The dynamical system exhibits a rich behavior of fractal basins of attraction and a Neimark-Sacker bifurcation route to chaos. The mo...

In this article we discuss the possibility that an extraterrestrial species could be hostile to humanity, and present estimates for the probability that visitors to the Earth will be aggressive. For this purpose we develop a generic model of multiple civilizations which are permitted to interact, and using randomized parameters we simulate thousands of potential worlds through several millenia ...