EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) investigations are reported concerning the thermal expansion behaviour of silver in an extended range of temperature from 10 K to about 950 K measured in transmission mode. Both the ratio method and an EXAFS fitting procedure were applied to reveal the temperature dependence of EXAFS parameters. Models based on quantum and classical thermodynamic...

Spontaneous emission of fluorophores located close to a reflecting surface is modified by the interference between direct and reflected waves. The spectral patterns of fluorescent emission near reflecting surfaces can be precisely described with a classical model that considers the relative intensity and polarization state of direct and reflected waves depending on dipole orientation. An algori...

Diffusion-sensitized magnetic resonance imaging probes the cellular structure of the human brain, but the primary microstructural information gets lost in averaging over higher-level, mesoscopic tissue organization such as different orientations of neuronal fibers. While such averaging is inevitable due to the limited imaging resolution, we propose a method for disentangling the microscopic cel...

A new evolutionary algorithm for induction of oblique decision trees is proposed. In contrast to the classical top-down approach, it searches for the whole tree at the moment. Specialized genetic operators are developed, which enable modifying both the tree structure and the splitting hyper-planes in non-terminal nodes. The problem of over-fitting can be avoided thanks to suitably defined fitne...

Thehigh speciesdiversity of someecosystems like tropical rainforests goes inpairwith the scarcity of data formost species. This hinders thedevelopment ofmodels that require enoughdata for fitting. The solution commonly adopted by modellers consists in grouping species to form more sizeable data sets. Classical methods for grouping species such as hierarchical cluster analysis do not take accoun...

Recent progress on micro- and nanometer-scale manipulation has opened the possibility to probe systems small enough that thermal fluctuations of energy and coordinate variables can be significant compared with their mean behavior. We present an experimental study of nonequilibrium thermodynamics in a classical two-state system, namely, a metallic single-electron box. We have measured with high ...

A novel neural architecture aimed to estimate superquadrics parameters form range data is presented. The network topology is designed to model and compute the inside-outside function of an undeformed superquadric in whatever attitude, starting form the (x, y, z) data triples. The network has been trained using backpropagation, and the weights arrangement, after training, represents a robust est...

A single-sheeted double many-body expansion potential energy surface is reported for the lowest doublet state of HN2 by fitting additional multireference configuration interaction energies in the N...NH channel. A stratified analysis of the root-mean-squared error indicates an accuracy superior to that achieved for the previously reported form. Detailed dynamical tests are also performed for th...

We previously proposed a quantitative model of early visual processing in primates, based on non-linearly interacting visual filters and statistically efficient decision. We now use this model to interpret the observed modulation of a range of human psychophysical thresholds with and without focal visual attention. Our model calibrated by an automatic fitting procedure simultaneously reproduces...

A globally accurate many-body expansion potential energy surface is reported for HCS(X2A') by fitting a wealth of accurate ab initio energies calculated at the multireference configuration interaction level using aug-cc-pVQZ and aug-cc-pV5Z basis sets via extrapolation to the complete basis set limit. The topographical features of the present potential energy surface are examined in detail and ...