Knowledge of dispersal vectors used by organisms is essential to the understanding of population and community dynamics. We report on ice rafting, a vector by which intertidal benthic invertebrates can be transported well outside their normal dispersal range during winter in temperate climates. We found multiple invertebrate taxa in sediment-laden ice blocks sampled in the intertidal zone. A la...

Human populations have put pressure on their natural surroundings throughout history. Yet the world is now facing truly global environmental challenges and rapid population growth in the final half of the twentieth century is a critical component to understanding these phenomena. In his article, Ambassador Richard Benedick examines a host of population dynamics and their complex interlinkages...

One of the very important issues discussed in the recent two decades is climate change. Temperature is one of the indicative factors of climate change. The present research aimed at studying temporal variation in temperature over Guwahati, Tezpur, Dibrugarh (Mohanbari) and Silchar stations, Assam, India, during the period 1981–2010. Trends in annual and seasonal temperature series were analyzed...

Leaf out time is a widely used indicator of climate change and represents a critical transition point of annual seasonality in most temperate ecosystems. We compared three sources of data to determine the effect of spring temperature on tree leaf out: field observations, remotely sensed satellite data, and experimental warming. All three methods recorded earlier leaf out with warmer spring temp...

over the coming decades, global change will have an impact on food and water security and there are strong indications that developing countries will bear the brunt of adverse consequences from climate change. agricultural sector is the most vulnerable to climate change, because of its dependence on water and temperature conditions. consequently, it is important to understand the impacts of cli...

b a c k g r o u n d  & aim: this study aimed  to estimate  and project  the current  and future disability burden of typhoid fever in iran associated with climate and population to provide best policies for climate change adaptation. methods & materials: years lost due to disabilities (ylds) were measured as burden estimation in this study. the temperature was selected as climate variable. futu...

The assembly of regional biotas and organismal responses to anthropogenic climate change both depend on the capacity of organisms to adapt to novel ecological conditions. Here we demonstrate the concept of evolutionary lag time, the time between when a climatic regime or habitat develops in a region and when it is colonized by a given clade. We analyzed the time of colonization of four clades (...

Although reliable figures are often missing, considerable detrimental changes due to shrinking glaciers are universally expected for water availability in river systems under the influence of ongoing global climate change. We estimate the contribution potential of seasonally delayed glacier melt water to total water availability in large river systems. We find that the seasonally delayed glacie...

The Earth's islands harbor a distinct, yet highly threatened, biological and cultural diversity that has been shaped by geographic isolation and unique environments. Island systems are key natural laboratories for testing theory in ecology and evolution. However, despite their potential usefulness for research, a quantitative description of island environments and an environmental classificatio...

In this study, we provide a perspective on dynamical downscaling that includes a comprehensive view of multiple downscaling methods and a strategy for achieving better assessment of future regional climates. A regional climate simulation is generally driven by a large-scale atmospheric state obtained by a global climate simulation. We conceptualize the large-scale state based on reconstruction ...