A series of observations and comments are made with respect to several areas of toxicology: these are briefly discussed. Some innovative areas receive discussion as representing substantial progress made in the field of toxicology in recent years. Topics included raise a number of questions: what agents should we test, and how should we go about selecting them; what is the importance of allowin...

The development of human cell models stably expressing functional properties of the in vivo cells they are derived from for predicting toxicity of chemicals is a major challenge. For mimicking the liver, a major target of toxic chemicals, primary hepatocytes represent the most pertinent model. Their use is limited by interdonor functional variability and early phenotypic changes although their ...

Hazard assessment of chemicals to aquatic organisms involves the use of many toxicity tests. Acute toxicity tests, embryo-larval toxicity tests, and chronic toxicity tests that measure survival, growth, and reproductive effects now provide the most relative utility for evaluation of potential chemical hazards to aquatic life. Physiological, biochemical, and histological measurements have a low ...

Sitosterol has previously been shown to block cholesterol absorption in both animals and man. Its clinical effectiveness in reducing hypereholesteremia has been repeatedly demonstrated. For periods exceeding 4 years, large amounts of sitosterol have been given daily for maintaining reduction of serum cholesterol concentration. The possibility of adverse side effects resulting from chronic admin...

Davide Lonati,1 Carlo Alessandro Locatelli,1 Lucia Fenicia,2 Fabrizio Anniballi,2 Paolo Landri,3 Andrea Giampreti,1 Valeria Margherita Petrolini,1 Sarah Vecchio,1 Luigi Manzo1 1Pavia Poison Center and National Toxicology Information Centre Toxicology Unit, IRCCS Maugeri Foundation and University of Pavia; 2Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, National Reference Centre for Bot...

The emphasis of the extant investigative research was on tracking patients with the most dangerous iatrogenic error in severe toxicological emergencies. The very first reported instance was that of a female patient with a dangerous intoxication that was caused due to caustic ingestion with a prescribed mega dose of methyl-predinisolone 30 mg/kg; she who visited the ER post seven days with a sev...

background: copper is a trace element vital to life, but the toxic effect of water pollution with it on fish is now exhibited. fish blood is susceptible to contamination-induced stress and its alternation due to the hematological and immunological parameters can be utilized as toxicity indices of xenobiotics. methods: in this study, juvenile species of silver carp with average weight of 200gr w...

nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field having potential applications in many areas. nanoparticles (nps) have been studied for cell toxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity. tetrazolium-based assays such as mtt, mts, and wst-1 are used to determine cell viability. cell inflammatory response induced by nps is checked by measuring inflammatory biomarkers, such as il-8, il-6, and tumor necrosi...

Predictive toxicology plays an important role in the assessment of toxicity of chemicals and the drug development process. While there are several well-established in vitro and in vivo assays that are suitable for predictive toxicology, recent advances in high-throughput analytical technologies and model systems are expected to have a major impact on the field of predictive toxicology. This com...

In Vitro Toxicology Society Annual Meeting November 10–11, 2015 Birmingham, United Kingdom These abstracts were presented at the 2015 annual meeting of the UK In Vitro Toxicology Society (IVTS). The meeting was hosted at Birmingham, UK on November 10–11, 2015. The main session topics included hepatoxicology, inhalation toxicology, developmental and reproductive toxicology, and neurotoxicology. ...