Long, short, small, big, smooth, lumpy ? are just some of the descriptors for perfectly normal labia (the outer and inner lips of the vulva [2]). The outer lips, or labia majora, are two fatty pads, usually covered with pubic hair. Between are the inner lips, or labia minora, two folds or flaps (like butterfly wings) of skin that join at the sensitive clitoral hood at the top, and thin out near...

BACKGROUND Verrucous carcinoma of the vulva is extremely rare. It is a slow growing, low malignant variant of a squamous cell carcinoma with a cauliflower appearance. Women with lichen planus have an increased risk of developing vulval cancer. CASE PRESENTATION A 79-year-old woman consulted for vulval itching. On clinical examination, a 3-cm large verrucous clitoral cancer in an area of liche...

BACKGROUND: Clitoromegaly is a frequent congenital malformation, but acquired clitoral enlargement is relatively rare. METHODS: Two acquired clitoromegaly cases treated in Ataturk Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey are presented. RESULTS: History from both patients revealed clitoromegaly over the last three years. Neither gynecological nor systemic abnormalities were detected in either patient. K...

Priapism is a urological emergency that results in a penile or clitoral engorgement, having several triggers by the use of medications, including psychiatric drugs, such as antipsychotics and antidepressants. The most common priapism presentation is the ischemic type that can result in the fibrosis of corporus cavernosus, with a significant risk of persistent erectile dysfunction. It is believe...

Historically, in female pseudohermaphrodites a staged procedure with early clitoral reduction and delayed vaginoplasty was often the treatment of choice. In recent years several authors have described 1-stage genitoplasty that is performed in the first year of life. The 1stage procedure for clitoroplasty and vaginal exteriorization is preferable for an optimal functional and cosmetic result. Be...

Preterm ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (POHS) is an uncommon disorder characterized by prematurity, hypogastric and upper leg swelling of various intensities, high serum estradiol and gonadotropin levels, and ovarian follicular cyst/cysts. In this paper, we present the first case of POHS presenting with vaginal bleeding. A female infant was born via spontaneous vaginal delivery at 25 weeks o...

OBJECTIVE To describe variations in genital dimensions of normal women. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital, University College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK. POPULATION Fifty premenopausal women having gynaecological procedures not involving the external genitalia under general anaesthetic. METHODS A cross sectional study using digit...

Solitary neurofibromas are rare occurrence in salivary gland region as well as mons pubis of females. We present two cases of teenage girls with swelling in parotid region and mons pubis. Fine needle aspiration cytology was inconclusive in both cases. They were both managed surgically and a diagnosis of neurofibroma was ascertained histopathologically and also confirmed with S-100 immunohistoch...

We investigated whether anogenital distance (AGD) is associated with adenomyosis, endometriosis and uterine leiomyomas (UL, also called fibroids). recruited 81 women UL, 105 ovarian endometrioma (OE), 116 28 both adenomyosis 100 control subjects other acquired gynecological conditions but not endometriosis, or polycystic syndrome. Measurements from the anterior clitoral surface to center of anu...

Dear Editor, A false statement has been published in your journal in an article by P. A. Lee and C. P. Houk. (2010) Article ID 563640. “The Role of Support Groups, Advocacy Groups, and Other Interested Parties in Improving the Care of Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Pleas and Warnings [1].” These authors say “Confrontational tactics used by “advocacy” groups have included pressuri...