Employing cooperative communication in multihop wireless sensor networks provides the network with significant energy efficiency. However, the lifetime of such a network is directly dependant upon the lifetime of each of its individual sections (or clusters). Ignoring the fact that those sections close to sink have to forward more data (their own data plus the data received from the previous se...

" Only connect! That was the whole of her sermon. Only connect the prose and the passion, and both will be exalted, and human love will be seen at its height. Live in fragments no longer. Only connect, and the beast and the monk, robbed of the isolation that is life to either, will die. "

The dynamics of biological coevolution poses many problems of interest to the statistical-physics and complexsystems communities [1, 2]. Recently, we studied a coevolution model that is a simplified version of the one introduced by Hall, et al. [3, 4, 5, 6]. Our model, in which individuals give birth, mutate and die, displays punctuated equilibrialike, quiet periods interrupted by bursts of mas...

About …fty years ago, Efron noted some counterintuitive properties of the long-term behavior of contests involving dice. For instance, consider the 6-sided dice whose sides are labeled (4,4,4,4,0,0), (3,3,3,3,3,3), (6,6,2,2,2,2), and (5,5,5,1,1,1). Each die has a 2/3 probability of rolling a higher number than the next one in the list, and the last has the same 2/3 probability of rolling a high...

To treat probability rigorously, we define a sample space S whose elements are the possible outcomes of some process or experiment. For example, the sample space might be the outcomes of the roll of a die, or flips of a coin. To each element x of the sample space, we assign a probability, which will be a non-negative number between 0 and 1, which we will denote by p(x). We require that p(x) = ...

1 Gruppen 2 1.1 Die Definition einer Gruppe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Untergruppen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Die ganzen Zahlen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 Diedergruppen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.5 Permutationen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.6...

Arenas et al. [1] introduced the notion of lambda-closed sets as a generalization of locally closed sets. In this paper, we introduce the notions of lambda-locally closed sets, Lambda_lambda-closed sets and lambda_g-closed sets and obtain some decompositions of closed sets and continuity in topological spaces.

Since tubes have numerous industrial applications, different attempts are focused on the severe plastic deformation processes of tubes. As an illustration, tube channel pressing (TCP) is an attractive process for this purpose since it can be used for processing of different sizes of tubes. However, more attempts are needed to improve the outcomes of TCP. For example, imposing of a greater strai...