In a cognitive sensor network (CSN), the wastage of sensing time and energy is a challenge to cooperative spectrum sensing, when the number of cooperative cognitive nodes (CNs) becomes very large. In this paper, a novel wireless power transfer (WPT)-based weighed clustering cooperative spectrum sensing model is proposed, which divides all the CNs into several clusters, and then selects the most...

The Andean puma (Puma concolor) has not been widely studied, particularly in reference to its semen characteristics. The aim of the present study was to define the morphometry of puma sperm heads and classify their subpopulations by cluster analysis. Samples were recovered postmortem from two epididymides from one animal and prepared for morphological observation after staining with the Hemacol...

Energy saving to prolong the network life is an important design issue while developing a new routing protocol for wireless sensor network. Clustering is a key technique for this and helps in maximizing the network lifetime and scalability. Most of the routing and data dissemination protocols of WSN assume a homogeneous network architecture, in which all sensors have the same capabilities in te...

Wireless Sensor Networks consists of no. of micro sensor nodes to monitor a remote environment by using aggregated data from individual nodes and transfer this data to the base station for further purpose. Here the energy of operated nodes is susceptible store of the Wireless Sensor Network, which is useless at a rate when information is transmitted, because transmission energy is reliant on th...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are an important focus of research due to their many envisioned applications. They are formed by small, inexpensive and resource limited devices that can interact with the environment and communicate in a wireless manner with other devices. For energy conservation, the clustering technique is used where network organizes around a small set of cluster heads which ...

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is dynamic in nature and is composed of wirelessly connected nodes that perform hop-by-hop routing without the help of any fixed infrastructure. One of the important requirements of aMANET is the efficiency of energy, which increases the lifetime of the network. Several techniques have been proposed by researchers to achieve this goal and one of them is clusterin...

Wireless sensor nodes are use most embedded computing application. Multihop cluster hierarchy has been presented for large wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that can provide scalable routing, data aggregation, and querying. The energy consumption rate for sensors in a WSN varies greatly based on the protocols the sensors use for communications. In this paper we present a cluster based routing alg...

WSNs is a collection of wireless nodes with limited energy capabilities that may be mobile or stationary and are located randomly on a dynamically changing environment. The routing strategies selection is an important issue for the efficient delivery of the packets to their destination. Moreover, in such networks, the applied routing strategy should ensure the minimum of the energy consumption ...

The main issue in WSN is energy limited characteristic of the sensor node. So the problem is to have the routing protocol in such the manner that it should be energy efficient in order to increase the life time of the whole WSN. Hierarchical routing architecture divides the whole network in to a group of cluster and only cluster head is responsible to forwarding the data to base station directl...

In order to solve the problem of the hot spots in clustering routing protocols, this paper proposes an unequal density-based node deployment and clustering routing protocol (UDNDC). It has following characteristics. (1) In clusters, member nodes transmit data directly to cluster head, and cluster head can fuse all signals into a single signal. But data from different clusters cannot be fused, a...