Coal was central to the industrial revolution, but in the 20th century it increasingly was superseded by oil and gas. However, in recent years coal again has become the predominant source of global carbon emissions. We show that this trend of rapidly increasing coal-based emissions is not restricted to a few individual countries such as China. Rather, we are witnessing a global renaissance of c...

Coal workers' pneumoconiosis, also known as "black lung disease," is an occupational lung disease caused by overexposure to respirable coal mine dust. Inhaled dust leads to inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs, and coal workers' pneumoconiosis can be a debilitating disease. The Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 (Coal Act),* amended in 1977, established dust limits for U.S. coal ...

Pulverized Wyoming subbituminous coal was beneficiated by low-pH oil agglomerationat CONSOL to prepare the coal for direct liquefaction. Conventional cleaning is not veryeffective in cleaning this coal; for example, conventional oil agglomeration only givesabout 20% ash rejection. To improve ash rejection, the coal-water slurry was acidifiedto a pH of about 0.5. Oil agglomeratio...

Self-ignited, naturally occurring coal fires and fires resulting from human activities persist for decades in underground coal mines, coal waste piles, and unmined coal beds. These uncontrolled coal fires occur in all coal-bearing parts of the world (Stracher, 2007) and pose multiple threats to the global environment because they emit greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4)—as ...

BACKGROUND Particulate exposure from air pollution increases the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality. Although coal miners are highly exposed to coal dust particulate, studies of IHD mortality risk among coal miners have had inconsistent results. Previous studies may have been biased by the healthy worker effect. METHODS We examined the dose-response relationship between cumulative...

There are many coal seams in high-gas mining area of China. The permeability is low. The gas extraction from the original coal seam is difficult and the commercial value is little. The conception of the safe high-efficient exploitation of coal and gas is put forward in this article. It changes the conventional exploitation sequence that is from the upper to below. When we exploit coal seams, th...

Pulverized Wyoming subbituminous coal was beneficiated by low-pH oil agglomerationat CONSOL to prepare the coal for direct liquefaction. Conventional cleaning is not veryeffective in cleaning this coal; for example, conventional oil agglomeration only givesabout 20% ash rejection. To improve ash rejection, the coal-water slurry was acidifiedto a pH of about 0.5. Oil agglomeratio...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk of lung cancer associated with the use of different types of coal for household cooking and heating. SETTING Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, China. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study (follow-up 1976-96) comparing mortality from lung cancer between lifelong users of "smoky coal" (bituminous) and "smokeless coal" (anthracite). PARTICIPANTS 27,310 individuals u...

Investigations were carried out on coal tailings by conventional cell and column flotation techniques. Tests were conducted to assess processing coal tailings of Alborz Markazi coal washing plant in Iran by column flotation. The effects of reagent type/dosage were investigated with conventional flotation and their results were used in the performance of column flotation. Also the effects of the...