BACKGROUND The efficacy of Piper aduncum essential oil was evaluated against Periplaneta americana adults and nymphs in the laboratory. METHODS The plant essential oil at varying concentrations ranging between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm were placed inside glass beakers, rolled horizontally to ensure the essential oil covers all sides of the beakers and exposed to adults and nymphs of P. americana. ...

An advantage of legged locomotion is the ability to climb over obstacles. We studied deathhead cockroaches as they climbed over plastic blocks in order to characterize the leg movements associated with climbing. Movements were recorded as animals surmounted 5.5-mm or 11-mm obstacles. The smaller obstacles were scaled with little change in running movements. The higher obstacles required altered...

To navigate in the world, an animal's brain must produce commands to move, change direction, and negotiate obstacles. In the insect brain, the central complex integrates multiple forms of sensory information and guides locomotion during behaviors such as foraging, climbing over barriers, and navigating to memorized locations. These roles suggest that the central complex influences motor command...

In the past twenty years, robotics has undergone rapid development. Through the usage of new technologies and new materials, robots have found widespread applications in a variety of industry sectors. In contrast to traditional robots, a new branch of biologically inspired robots has emerged strongly. By studying biological systems like insects, robotics researchers strive to seek in-depth unde...

Virgin females of Byrsotria fumigata (Guérin) and several other species of Blattidae produce volatile substances which attract males and release in them characteristic precopulatory behavior. The removal of the corpora allata from females shortly after the imaginal molt results in a failure of production of sex attractant, as assayed by male behavior. Implantation of corpora allata can effect r...

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background : cockroaches are found as the most common urban pests of tropical countries, prompting economic and serious health risk problem for humans by carrying microbes and allergens, acting as vector for various patho­gens of diseases. the present study was conducted from april 2013 to march 2014 in various human dwelling local­ities of urban area of district lahore, pakistan. methods : coc...