The identification and characterization of drugs for the treatment of cognitive disorders has been hampered by the absence of comprehensive hypotheses. Such hypotheses consist of (a) a precisely defined cognitive operation that fundamentally underlies a range of cognitive abilities and capacities and, if impaired, contributes to the manifestation of diverse cognitive symptoms; (b) defined neuro...

We experimentally study the relationship between time inconsistency, sophistication about and self-commitment. Previous research has interpreted demand for commitment devices as evidence of a time-inconsistent decision-maker. In our laboratory experiment, we attempt to measure directly by way cognitive test. then test hypothesis that people who are both show high capacity take up when offered i...

We start by making a distinction between mind and cognition, and by positing that cognition is an aspect of mind. We propose as a working hypothesis a Separability Hypothesis which posits that we can factor off an architecture for cognition from a more general architecture for mind, thus avoiding a number of philosophical objections that have been raised about the "Strong AI" hypothesis. We the...

Surplus foods are fresh raw material of food that has not been processed, and a large number surplus discarded wasted every day. As new business model, blind box can attract consumers to purchase reduce waste. The main purpose this study is find out how improve consumers’ degree cognition the intention. Therefore, analyzes relevant factors affecting intention box, through conceptualization hypo...

According to recent studies on animal personalities, the level of behavioral plasticity, which can be viewed as the slope of the behavioral reaction norm, varies among individuals, populations, and species. Still, it is conceptually unclear how the interaction between environmental variation and variation in animal cognition affect the evolution of behavioral plasticity and expression of animal...

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis holds that human thought is shaped by language, leading speakers of different languages to think differently. This hypothesis has sparked both enthusiasm and controversy, but despite its prominence it has only occasionally been addressed in computational terms. Recent developments support a view of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in terms of probabilistic inference. This v...

Whether the neuronal encoding of number is linear or logarithmic divides cognitive neuroscientists working on mathematical cognition. Recordings from the prefrontal cortex of the monkey support the logarithmic hypothesis. Similarities between number and the coding of other quantities are also beginning to become apparent.

Variations in the hormonal milieu after menopause may influence neural processes concerned with cognition, cognitive aging, and mood, but findings are inconsistent. In particular, cognitive effects of estradiol may vary with time since menopause, but this prediction has not been assessed directly using serum hormone concentrations. We studied 643 healthy postmenopausal women not using hormone t...

Jeffery et al. characterize the egocentric/allocentric distinction as discrete. But paradoxically, much of the neural and behavioral evidence they adduce undermines a discrete distinction. More strikingly, their positive proposal - the bicoded map hypothesis - reflects a more complex interplay between egocentric and allocentric coding than they acknowledge. Properly interpreted, their proposal ...