OBJECTIVES The longer life expectancy in old age of more privileged socioeconomic groups is well established, but less clear is whether the net effect of additional years of life is a lengthened, stable or reduced duration of disability. Estimates of healthy and disabled life expectancy (using definitions including dependency in activities of daily living and cognitive impairment) were made, co...

Disability carries negative social meaning, and little is known about when (or if), in the process of health decline, persons identify themselves as "disabled." We examine the social and health criteria that older adults use to subjectively rate their own disability status. Using a panel study of older adults (ages 72+), we estimate ordered probit and growth curve models of perceived disability...

Aggressive behaviour has a significant negative effect on learning and academic performance. This study investigated the main of token reinforcement, cognitive behavioural therapy, degree disability managing aggressive among pupils with intellectual disability. The participants were 60 (N = 60, N 27 boys; 33 girls; mean age 11.7) who purposively selected from three (3) special schools in Ibadan...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate and characterise cognitive impairment in the very early stage of multiple sclerosis (MS), in which patients are still diagnosed as suffering from probable MS. METHODS The Brief Repeatable Battery-Neuropsychological (BRB-N) that has been validated for MS patients was used. Abnormal performance was defined as one standard deviation below the mean reported for healthy age ...

There is evidence that body fat is inversely associated with cognitive functioning in adults from the general population, and this has been associated with systemic inflammation. The association between body fat and cognition might further be augmented in the presence of an immune-mediated, inflammatory disease such as multiple sclerosis (MS). This cross-sectional study investigated the associa...

Wide bodies of literature document gradients in the experience of disease and function by levels of education and other measures of socioeconomic status: The lower a person’s education, the more likely the person will suffer from a greater variety and severity of diseases as well as functional disability arising from those diseases. It is unclear whether education proxies for other indicators o...

INTRODUCTION we have tested the hypothesis that the co-occurrence of common impairments (motor and cognitive impairments, vision and hearing loss, depressive symptoms) of later life have exacerbating effects on disability [activities and instrumental activities of daily living, social and role function, (in)activity]. METHOD data were drawn from a community-based sample of 624 people aged 57 ...

background: magnetic resonance imaging (mri) has improved the diagnosis and management of patients with multiple sclerosis (ms). montreal cognitive assessment (moca) is a brief, sensitive test that has been recommended by national institute of neurological diseases and stroke and canadian stroke network (ninds-csn) as a reliable tool to detect mild cognitive impairments. this study aimed to eva...

Cognitive disorders represent a leading cause of disability in the aging population, of which dementia has the highest global burden. Early signs of dementia such as slow gait and memory complaints are known to present well before the overt manifestation of the disease. Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome characterized by the simultaneous presence of gait disturbances and memory complaints in...