Aging is one of the most evident biological processes, but its mechanisms are still poorly understood. Studies of cognitive aging suggest that age is associated with cognitive decline; however, there may be individual differences such that not all older adults will experience cognitive decline. That is, cognitive decline is not intrinsic to aging, but there is some heterogeneity. Many researche...

The concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been proposed by Petersen et al. (1997, 1999) as a nosologic entity referring to elderly persons with mild cognitive deficit without dementia. MCI is being widely used in studies as an intermediate stage between cognitive normalcy and dementia. However, MCI appears to be a heterogeneous clinical entity. Multiple sources of heterogeneity have be...

Communication by sounds requires that the communication channels (i.e. speech/speakers and other sound sources) had been established. This allows to separate concurrently active sound sources, to track their identity, to assess the type of message arriving from them, and to decide whether and when to react (e.g., reply to the message). We propose that these functions rely on a common generative...

objectives: multiple sclerosis is the most prevalent central nervous system diseases thatdue to being chronic, frequent recurrence, uncertainty about its progress, and disability, can lead to various distresses as well as demoralization . rehabilitation method based on cognitive-existential therapy is an integratedapproach which can help to decrease demoralization syndrome in these patients. th...

This study extended the social cognitive career theory model of vocational interest (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994, 1996) to the information technology domain. Participants were 278 undergraduate students who were asked to identify their sources of computer self-efficacy, computer self-efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations, and information technology interests. Consistent with theory, all the s...

Some elderly appear to resist age-related decline in cognitive functions, but the neural correlates of successful cognitive aging are not well known. Here, older human participants from a longitudinal study were classified as successful or average relative to the mean attrition-corrected cognitive development across 15-20 years in a population-based sample (n = 1561). Fifty-one successful elder...

This paper summarizes experimental support to spin-mediated consciousness theory from various sources including the results of our own. In doing so, we also provide explanations based on this theory to experimental phenomena such as out-of-body experience and sensed presence, quantum-like cognitive functions and optical illusions. Whether one agrees or not with the spin-mediated consciousness t...

BACKGROUND Adherence to medication is vital for disease management while simultaneously reducing healthcare expenditure. Older persons with cognitive impairment (CI) are at risk for non-adherence as cognitive processes are needed to manage medications. This systematic review focuses on the relationship between medication non-adherence and specific cognitive domains in persons with CI, and explo...

This paper presents a conceptual analysis of inequalities in healthcare associated with the discussion of dimensions, indicators and data sources that are crucial for understanding major trends within the Brazilian context. From this standpoint, the text emphasizes the importance of in-depth discussions of social inequalities, identifying changes in healthcare conditions using the concept of di...

BACKGROUND Even a well-designed randomized control trial (RCT) study can produce ambiguous results. This article highlights a case in which full-sample results from a large-scale RCT in the United Kingdom differ from results for a subsample of survey respondents. OBJECTIVES Our objective is to ascertain the source of the discrepancy in inferences across data sources and, in doing so, to highl...