Cold temperature detection involves the process of sensory transduction in cutaneous primary sensory nerve terminals, which converts thermal stimuli into depolarizations of the membrane. This transformation into electrical signals is followed by the subsequent propagation of action potentials in cold-sensitive afferent nerve fibers. A large array of ion channels shapes this process; however, th...

Brain tubulin polymerized with dynein isolated from bull spermatozoa forms cold-stable microtubules, in contrast with microtubules made of brain tubulin polymerized by brain microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The level of cold-stable microtubules depends on the concentration of dynein used. Addition of dynein to cold-unstable microtubules renders these microtubules stable to cold. Although...

Olympic athletes compete and train in diverse cold-weather environments, generally without adverse effects. However, the nature of some sports may increase the risk of cold injuries. This paper provides guidance to enable competition organisers and officials, coaches and athletes to avoid cold-weather injuries. This paper will (1) define potential cold-weather injuries during training and compe...

In the past two decades, revolutionary technologies of creating cold and ultracold molecules have provided cutting-edge experiments for studying fundamental phenomena collision physics. To a large degree, recent explosion interest in molecular collisions has been sparked by dramatic progress experimental capabilities theoretical methods, which permit to be explored deep quantum mechanical limit...

Shoreward pulses of cold, high salinity, phytoplankton-rich bottom water represent short time scale changes in nearshore hydrography and biological community structure off the leeward coast of Oahu, Hawaii. A three-week mooring deployment in Spring 2009 revealed that ‘cold pulses’ occurred over all phases of the semidiurnal surface tide, but that a statistically greater proportion occurred at l...

Mexican lime is one of the commercial citrus cultivars in the world, which is commonly used as a citrus rootstock in the southern regions of Iran. This cultivar is one of the most sensitive citrus cultivars to cold stress and is used as a cold-sensitive plant in many citrus studies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin (0 and 500 μM), mannitol (0 and 50 μM), acetic acid (0 an...