Microclimate in open space affected by the urban layout and spatial forms plays an important role in the outdoor comfort, thus the outdoor activities based on the comfort sensation will directly affected by the spatial forms. An outstanding open space should satisfy different requirements of outdoor activities and create relatively comfortable place.Most studies have been conducted on the...

lead (pb) is one of the most hazardous heavy metal that caused serious problems for ecosystem at recent years. in this study, the effect of pb on seed germination, incipient growth and antioxidant enzymes of six common used turfgrasses was investigated. the results showed that after implementation of different concentrations (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 µm) of pb, agropyron elongatum exhibited the h...

Abstract An 8‐year climatology of raintype observations from the Global Precipitation Measurement dual‐frequency precipitation radar highlights two stratiform rain producing storm regimes differentiated by relative importance convection. The more convectively active regime occurs in tropics and over warm‐season midlatitude land, where warm‐ cold‐topped convection accounts for 55% (40%) (rain ar...

Abstract. The continued warming of the Arctic could release vast stores carbon into atmosphere from high-latitude ecosystems, especially thawing permafrost. Increasing uptake dioxide (CO2) by vegetation during longer growing seasons may partially offset such carbon. However, evidence significant net annual site-level observations and model simulations across tundra ecosystems has been inconclus...

A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism in crossbred and local cattle, Sylhet division, Bangladesh. Fecal samples were collected randomly from 288 local and 144 crossbred cattle of four representative areas in three following seasons. The effects of season and age were tested in both local and crossbred cattle. Frequency of trematodes and nematodes infe...

Over the last several decades, the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) has extensively tested and analyzed issues related to vehicle performance in winter. Using this knowledge and the experimental database, models were developed to capture the important elements for cold regions mobility performance. These models span a range of resolutions and fidelities and include three...