A central issue of monetary policy analysis is the specification of monetary policy shocks. In a structural vector autoregressive setting there has been some controversy about which restrictions to use for identifying the shocks because standard theories do not provide enough information to fully identify monetary policy shocks. In fact, to compare different theories it would even be desirable ...

Life-saving shocks are the raisons d’être of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Paradoxically, shocks also cause much of the morbidity associated with ICDs. Consistently, shocks reduce quality of life,1,2 and rarely, they may cause proarrhythmia.3,4 Additionally, shocks have been reported to be associated with excess mortality.5 Experts disagree about whether shocks are responsible...

in this study, we assess the impact of oil price changes on the macroeconomic variables of some oil importers in oecd countries, including usa, italian, france and japan during the period 1960-2002. the results for different countries imply asymmetric impact of oil price changes on gdp growth rates; moreover, the results show that monetary shocks are an important and noticeable factor explainin...

We consider the contribution of sectoral shocks to post-war US unemployment movements in a dynamic factor framework. Whereas previously published estimates of the contribution of sectoral shocks to unemployment relate to a particular theory of unemployment, our approach is sufficiently general to encompass almost any theory. We estimate our model in the frequency domain and use data on unemploy...

Life-saving shocks are the raisons d’être of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Paradoxically, shocks also cause much of the morbidity associated with ICDs. Consistently, shocks reduce quality of life,1,2 and rarely, they may cause proarrhythmia.3,4 Additionally, shocks have been reported to be associated with excess mortality.5 Experts disagree about whether shocks are responsible...

PURPOSE The rate of shock wave administration is a factor in the per shock efficiency of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). Experimental evidence suggests that decreasing shock wave frequency from 120 shocks per minute results in improved stone fragmentation. To our knowledge this study is the first to examine the effect of decreased shock wave frequency in patients with renal stones. MATERIALS AN...

This appendix contains tables and figures that supplement the analysis in the paper. Section A presents the asset pricing test results with equity issuance cost shocks constructed using alternative definitions of equity issuance. Section B presents the asset pricing test results with equity issuance cost shocks constructed by taking averages of portfolio-level equity issuance shocks across port...

In this paper I estimate a SVAR model to study the transmission of UK shocks to the Irish economy over the period 1922-1979, using annual time series for CPI inflation and output growth. UK aggregate demand and supply shocks have large and significant impacts on Irish inflation, but smaller impacts on Irish real GDP growth. A historical decomposition indicates that UK aggregate demand shocks pl...

This paper studies U.S. in‡ation adjustment speed to aggregate technology shocks and to monetary policy shocks in a medium size Bayesian VAR model. According to the model estimated on the 1959-2007 sample, in‡ation adjusts much faster to aggregate technology shocks than to monetary policy shocks. These results are robust to di¤erent identi…cation assumptions and measures of aggregate prices. Ho...

If cold, dense clouds of gas make up the dark matter, then physical collisions between clouds must occur. These cause strong, radiative shocks to propagate through the cold gas, with the startling implication that all “dark” halos should be luminous. The expected luminosity is a strong function of halo velocity dispersion, and must contribute a large fraction of the observed X-ray emission from...