An analysis of atmospheric energy transport in 22 years (1980–2001) of the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) is presented. In the analyzed budgets, there is a large cancellation between divergences of dry static and latent energy such that the total energy divergence is positive over all tropical oceanic regions except for the east Pacific cold tongue, consistent with previous studies. The west ...

OBJECTIVE Tribes in Nubia Mountains regions of Sudan used Monechma ciliatum seeds for common cold and other chest allergic conditions as a traditional medicine. The aim of this paper is to validate this traditional practice scientifically. MATERIALS AND METHODS Monechma ciliatum seeds were screened for major phytochemical groups using standard methods. Different extracts were bioassayed in- v...

Determining the response of dominant height growth to climate change is important for understanding adaption strategies. Based on 550 permanent plots from a national forest inventory and climate data across seven provinces and three climate zones, we developed a climate-sensitive dominant height growth model under a mixed-effects model framework. The mean temperature of the wettest quarter and ...

The goal of this study was to examine whether the effectiveness of a drug in protecting ischemic myocardium depends on the size of the hypoperfused zone (the area at risk) measured immediately after coronary artery occlusion (CAO). Methoxy-verapamil (D600), a potent calcium antagonist, was used to test this hypothesis. In 68 dogs, 1 minute after CAO, 8 mCi of technetium-99m-labeled albumin micr...

Slight departures from bilateral symmetry are usually associated with reduced fitness. Here we show that an insular freshwater population of Gasterosteus aculeatus exhibits spatial and temporal segregation according to the incidence and direction of asymmetry in the number of bony lateral plates, which are important predator-defense structures. We analyzed 11,263 fish collected from 19 full lak...

The mayflies of the temperate and cold zones have well-synchronized life cycles, distinct cohorts, short emergence and flight periods. In contrast, aquatic insects from the tropical zones are characterized by multivoltine life cycles, “non-discernible cohorts” and extended flight periods throughout the year. This report is the first observation of life cycle patterns made of two species of mayf...

The energy consumption of air-conditioning systems has gained increasing attention as it contributes significantly to the global building use. variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system is a common applied widely in residential and office buildings China. Understanding actual operation performance VRF fundamental for energy-efficient design systems. Previous research on used either limited field da...

The existence of global warming is common knowledge. However, it can be predicted that there may cooling zones worldwide based on the mechanism terrestrial biophysical processes. Here, Theil–Sen median trend, Mann–Kendall trend test method, continuous wavelet transformation, and Hurst exponent were used to study trends, abrupt change times, periodicity, future sustainability temperature changes...

Although Borneo Island is one of the most vulnerable tropical regions to climate change, maps depicting local conditions employing classification are still not well defined. The present study attempted regional divide region into several homogenous groups based on long-term average behavior. Daily gridded rainfall and temperature (Tavg, Tmax, Tmin) data at 0.25° resolution spanning 56 years (19...

Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is of great importance to control the land-atmosphere exchange water and CO2. Here we use in situ observations assess performance monthly VPD calculated from state-of-the-art data sets including CRU, ERA5, Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research Applications, Version 2 (MERRA2). We investigate trends at global scale different climatic zones 1981–2020 future (...