BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The city is not just about appearance. People are present and live with architectural and urban spaces. The changes of Bojnord city after becoming the provincial capital have had many and sometimes destructive effects on the city. The issue of bad identity of cities is not a new one, but how to deal with it, despite the history of the problem, is stil...

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In this issue, Pineault and colleagues (2006) report on a Quebec-based research collective, a process aimed at rapidly synthesizing results from ongoing or recently completed research and releasing them to decision-makers. The process outlined differs markedly from Cochrane-based formal systematic reviews, and the authors claim a number of benefits that make the results more relevant to decisio...

Much of rural Myanmar remains under local Customary Tenure Systems (CTS), particularly in upland ethnic areas. Yet CTS lack legal recognition and are increasingly vulnerable to appropriation. This paper examines how, since 2016, communities civil society organisations (CSOs) across Shan State have organised document their as a basis for advocacy. Findings confirm remain prevalent valued, but ex...

PURPOSE Skin self-examination (SSE) is one method for identifying atypical nevi among members of the general public. Unfortunately, past research has shown that SSE has low sensitivity in detecting atypical nevi. The current study investigates whether crowdsourcing (collective effort) can improve SSE identification accuracy. Collective effort is potentially useful for improving people's visual ...

Although considerable research has investigated perspective making and perspective taking processes in existing communities of practice, little research has explored how these processes are manifest in fluid online collectives. Fluid collectives do not share common emotional bonds, shared languages, mental models, or clearly defined boundaries that are common in communities of practices and tha...