In the course of his short literary life, Liu Na'ou travelled across four geographical areas: Taiwan, Japan, Shanghai and Beijing, as well as five cultural domains: Taiwanese, Japanese, French, English and Chinese. The transnational facet of Liu's modernist writing is not merely literary or cultural but political and historical. The earliest modernist writing in China was initiated on the basis...

In organisms that propagate by agametic cloning, the parental body is the reproductive unit and fitness increases with clonal size, so that colonial metazoans, despite lack of experimental data, have been considered potentially immortal. Using asexual propagation rate as a measure of somatic performance, and telomerase activity and relative telomere length as molecular markers of senescence, ol...

Bentgrass species are widely utilized on golf course fairways in cool climatic regions. Among the 200 species of bentgrass that exist, creeping (A. stolonifera), colonial (A. capillaris), and velvet (A. canina) bentgrasses have received the greatest breeding improvements and are the most widely utilized Agrostis species for turf. Each bentgrass species retains particular qualities relating to d...

Trichuris trichiura is a soil-transmitted helminth which is prevalent in warm, moist, tropical and subtropical regions of the world with poor sanitation. Heavy whipworm can result either in Trichuris dysenteric syndrome - especially in children - or in a chronic colitis. In heavy infections, worms can spread proximally and may cause ileitis. Here we provide first microscopic evidence for a T. t...

This article examines the reception of the early modern hospital among the indigenous people of the Andes under Spanish colonial rule. During the period covered by this study (sixteenth to mid-eighteenth centuries), the hospital was conceived primarily as a manifestation of the sovereign’s paternalistic concern for his subjects’ spiritual well being. Hospitals in the Spanish American colonies w...

Defining the relationship between displaced populations and the nation-state is a fraught historical process. The Partition of India in 1947 provides a powerful example. However markedly little attention has been paid to the refugee communities produced (Ansari, 2005). Using the case of the displaced ‘Urdu-speaking minority’ in Bangladesh this article considers what contemporary discourses of i...

Abstract This article examines the project to digitize and preserve archives of Mineworkers’ Union Zambia has two aims. The first aim is discuss process cataloguing digitizing an archive that undergone significant deterioration, theoretical practical challenges achieving this. second relate making this more accessible questions knowledge production. Despite its limitations, value it primarily c...

This outstanding collection of papers documents the quality and quantity of historical archaeology research conducted on the island of Jamaica over the past thirty years. Jamaica offers a significant location for the investigation of the colonial enterprise in the Americas. Beginning with Spanish explorations and conquest in the sixteenth century, followed by British accession in 1655, the isla...

nigeria has had several housing programmes and policies geared towards the provision of housing her citizens since colonial era to the post-colonial period. the nigerian government had always been directly involved in the provision of housing for the public servants and with the advent of the public-private partnership initiative, the low-income public servants’ acceptability of this new housin...