Plentiful studies are reported on the semi-rigid behavior of joints between open section H shaped beam and column, but researches focusing on the semi-rigid performance of joints between square/rectangular hollow section (SHS/RHS) column-to-H shaped beam is to lag a lot. Most studies shows that when the SHS/RHS column connecting the H beam without internal diaphragm, the joints behavior is semi...

Drilled shaft foundations are often used to support reinforced concrete bridge columns founded in soft soils or locations where a small footprint is desired. Increasingly, the being built with diameter larger than that of column, allow tolerance column placement and facilitate plastic hinge formation rather shaft. The column–shaft connection, which involves noncontact splice between bars, key c...