This note proposes a novel architecture of integral sliding mode control, in which special “ideal control” part is introduced. incorporates fairly general form internal model to deal with regular (i.e., modeled) persistent disturbances. A key property this complete separation the from design “discontinuous” component controller. In particular, latter designed for systems whose dimension coincid...

Ti-isotope fractionation on the most Ti-rich minerals Earth has not been reported. Therefore, we present a chemical preparation and separation technique for mineralogic, petrologic, economic geologic studies. A two-stage ion-exchange column procedure modified from previous literature is used in current study to separate Ti Fe-rich samples, while ?-TiO2 does require separation. Purified solution...

Mesophase separation has been identified in a polycation/anionic-nonionic mixed micelle system formed by the coacervation of poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride)/sodium dodecylsulfate-Triton X-100 in 0.40 M NaCl. The resultant dense, optically clear fluid was studied by turbidity, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and rheology. The presence of two diffusion modes in DLS points to microscopic het...

Extinction cross-section spectra of split-ring-resonator dimers have been measured at near-infrared frequencies with a sensitive spatial modulation technique. The resonance frequency of the dimer's coupled mode as well as its extinction cross-section and its quality factor depend on the relative orientation and separation of the two split-ring resonators. The findings can be interpreted in term...

A microstrip structure with a narrow return plane generates large common-mode radiation. The guard trace attached near the signal line can reduce common-mode radiation. In general, the guard trace needs a lot of via connections to the return plane for keeping the guard trace grounded. The guard trace with long intervals of vias causes resonance and additional radiation. We propose a novel techn...

Neutral-point-clamped converters are increasingly applied in industrial drive systems as they allow the use of lower voltage devices in higher voltage applications, provide reduced output voltage total harmonic distortion(THD), and can develop low common mode voltage. Several distinct modulation strategies have been proposed in the past for eliminating the common mode voltage, providing low THD...

A separation technique employing a microfabricated sieve has been demonstrated by observing the motion of DNA molecules of different size. The sieve consists of a two-dimensional lattice of obstacles whose asymmetric disposition rectifies the Brownian motion of molecules driven through the device, causing them to follow paths that depend on their diffusion coefficient. A nominal 6% resolution b...

We demonstrate the direct excitation of a single TE mode in 25 nm thick planar crystalline silicon waveguide by photon tunneling from a layer of fluorescent dye molecules deposited by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The observed photon tunneling rate as a function of the dye-silicon separation is well fitted by a theoretical tunneling rate, which is obtained via a novel approach within the fra...