A self-referencing technique compensating for fiber losses and source fluctuations in reflective air-gap intensity-based optical fiber sensors is described. A dielectric multilayer short-wave-pass filter is fabricated onto or attached to the output end face of the lead-in-lead-out multimode fiber. The incoming broadband light from a white light or a light-emitting diode is partially reflected a...

Caffeine is said to have, non-specific arousal enhancing effects and specific cognitive effects (Van der Stelt & Snel, 1993, 1998). If true, especially in states of fatigue the energising effects of caffeine should be found more prominently. The antihypnoid or fatigue compensating effects of moderate amounts of caffeine, appear to be caused predominantly by the blocking of inhibitory adenosine ...

Increased usage of combined PV-Wind renewable energy sources is seen as a positive step toward reducing air pollution and carbon emissions. However, since non-linear loads have increased dramatically, voltage quality harmonic distortion concerns arisen, affecting the operation RES smart-grid electrical transmission structures. This study shows how Shunt active power filter may improve in microg...

slow sand filters are as a proper technology for pre-treatment of raw water, with a fine and medium trubidity in small communities in developing countries. thus, with a minimum operation cost and minimum need for expest bodies have the maximum efficiency. the purpose of this research is carried out to evaluate the efficiency of two processes of horizontal flow roughing filter and vertical flow ...

In this paper we briefly review the work on dispersion compensating fibers (DCFs) in the last few years. Starting with the basic principle behind DCF, its need for upgrading the 1310 nm optical fiber links is discussed. The experimental and theoretical results of some researchers have been cited. The latest trend in optical communication has been to use dense wavelength division multiplexed (DW...

Food web interactions allow communities to compensate for the loss of species. Compensation of this kind may reshuffle communities so that today's resilient species are tomorrow's vulnerable species, creating a false impression of ecosystem stability following the first wave of extinction.

Compensation is the process b y which a committed transaction in a database is undone b y running the semantic inverse o f that transaction on the database. Compensation has been proposed as a technique for undoing committed work in various situations where strict atomicity cannot be maintained [GS87, MR91]. In this paper, we discuss compensation i n longrunning multidatabase transactions. W e ...

The scenario of business computer systems changed with the advent of cross-entity computer interactions: computer systems no longer had the limited role of storing and processing data, but became themselves the players which actuated real-life actions. These advancements rendered the traditional transaction mechanism insufficient to deal with these new complexities of longer multi-party transac...

Compensation is a technique to roll-back a system to a consistent state in case of failure. Recovery mechanisms for compensating calculi specify the order of execution of compensation sequences. Dynamic recovery means that the order of execution is determined at runtime. In this paper, we define an extension of Compensating CSP, called DEcCSP, with general dynamic recovery. We provide a formal,...

We study the safety verification problem for business-process orchestration languages with respect to regular properties. Business transactions involve long-running distributed interactions between multiple partners which must appear as a single atomic action. This illusion of atomicity is maintained through programmer-specified compensation actions that get run to undo previous actions when ce...