Normal residual is one of the usual assumptions of autoregressive models but in practice sometimes we are faced with non-negative residuals case. In this paper we consider some autoregressive models with non-negative residuals as competing models and we have derived the maximum likelihood estimators of parameters based on the modified approach and EM algorithm for the competing models. Also,...

OBJECTIVES There is evidence to suggest that noncompliant and nonpersistent behaviors have differing risk factors, clinical consequences, and responses to intervention. This has led to calls for these behaviors to be defined and measured separately to characterize medication-taking behavior comprehensively. Current prescription refill models of compliance are, however, unable to appropriately d...

BACKGROUND When a patient experiences an event other than the one of interest in the study, usually the probability of experiencing the event of interest is altered. By contrast, disease-free survival time analysis by standard methods, such as the Kaplan-Meier method and the standard Cox model, does not distinguish different causes in the presence of competing risks. Alternative approaches use ...

In this paper we model competing risks, default and early settlement events, in the presence of long term survivors compare survival logistic methodologies. Cause specific Cox regression models were fitted adjustments made to accommodate a proportion survivors. Methodologies compared using ROC curves area under curves. The results show that methods perform better than when modelling lifetime da...

The epidemiologist primarily studies transitions between states of health and disease. The purpose of the present article is to define a foundational parameter for such studies, namely risk. We begin simply and build to the setting in which there is more than 1 event type (i.e., competing risks or competing events), as well as more than 1 treatment or exposure level of interest. In the presence...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of risk scores (Framingham, Assign and QRISK2) in predicting high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in individuals rather than populations. METHODS AND FINDINGS This study included 1.8 million persons without CVD and prior statin prescribing using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. This contains electronic medical re...

the aim of this study was to assess the predictive effect of the ebmt risk score on the outcomes of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a relatively homogenous group of acute myelogenous leukemia (aml) patients regarding the occurrence of acute and chronic graft versus host disease (gvhd). this historical cohort study included adult patients (≥ 15 years old) with aml (n=363) who received al...

  Background :Older adults with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) show evidence of auditory and speech perception problems. In present study, it was examined whether these problems are due to impairments of concurrent auditory segregation procedure which is the basic level of auditory scene analysis and auditory organization in auditory scenes with competing sounds.   Methods : Concurrent auditory...

Non-metallic inclusions influence the properties of steel and finished steel products. The methods relating to statistics of extremes are effective for the purpose of predicting the size of the maximum inclusion, which is an important parameter in the quality control and lifetime estimation. A steel sample with two types of inclusions is used to demonstrate the use of the extreme value theory i...