Four experiments examined whether memory for positive and negative words depended on word location and vertical hand movements. Cognitive processing is known to be facilitated when valenced stimuli are presented in locations that are congruent with the GOOD is UP conceptual metaphor, relative to when they are presented in incongruent locations. In both free recall and recognition tasks, we find...

As a type of symbol, there are four dimensions in icons’ symbolic interpretation, namely semantic, syntactic, contextual and pragmatic dimension. Among those dimensions, semantic dimension is the most important one in user’s cognitive analysis. Based on the representation of semantics, icons can be classified into four types, namely function-metaphor, operation-metaphor, object-metaphor and mea...

BACKGROUND Subjective experiences of psychotic disorders are often not communicated because of the difficulty in articulating them. Metaphor is a valuable way of describing these experiences to others. Recovery in psychotic disorders involves consolidation and transitioning processes. The ontological and orientational types of metaphor seem to form the linguistic basis of these processes. AIM...

Research into the computational properties of the human metaphor faculty can be categorized according to two different perspectives: the lexico-semantic approach, most favoured by linguists, which sees metaphor as a predominantly linguistic phenomenon and thus attempts to model it as such; and the conceptual approach, which sees metaphor as a deep-seated cognitive agency that systematically org...

Recent interest in the nature of deliberate metaphor has demonstrated the need for a threedimensional model of metaphor. Metaphor is not just a matter of language and thought, but also of communication. How can this starting point be connected with a discourse-psychological framework for metaphor in which it is assumed that people have to represent metaphor as part of a number of complementary ...

Wittgenstein as Davidson on Metaphor In Wittgensten und die Metaphor, eds. Arnswald, Kertscher, and Kross, Parerga Verlag, Berlin, 2004, as “Wittgenstein mit Davidson uber Metaphor,” (German translation) pp. 195-220. This essay has five parts: First, I explain some fundamental agreements between Davidson and Wittgenstein. I argue that Donald Davidson’s views and Wittgenstein’s views in the Inve...

This paper analyzes the limitations of selectional-preference based metaphor recognition, and proposes a new model for metaphor recognition, using Chinese subject-predicate construction as illustration. After showing with experiments that selectional-preference based metaphor recognition has difficulty in recognizing conventional metaphors and literal expressions with low frequency, the paper p...

KEYWORDS: metaphor-understanding algorithms metaphor of mind reasoning about agents' mental states personiication metaphor uncertain reasoning ABSTRACT: An implemented reasoning called ATT-Meta is sketched. It performs a type of metaphor-based reasoning. Although it relies on built-in knowledge of speciic metaphors, where a metaphor is a conceptual view of ones topic as another, it is very exib...

The view that metaphor plays a fundamental structural role in organizing our conceptual systems, rather than serving a deviant rhetorical effect, is now generally accepted. Indeed, this idea drives many recent computational models (Weiner , 1984; Martin, 1990; Way, 1991;Veale & Keane, 1992a, 1992b). However, these analyses are based on the de-contextualised "contents" of the metaphor and ignore...

A general practice in the research of metaphor has been to investigate its behavior and function in different contexts. This current study aims to investigate the notion that verbs possess a metaphor-making potential, this being an initiatory context-free experiment with metaphor. The goal of this paper is to carry out an in-depth case study of a group of English core verbs using WordNet and SU...