Deposition processes control the properties of thin films; they can also introduce high residual stresses, which can be relieved by delamination and fracture. Tungsten films with high 1–2 GPa compressive residual stresses were sputter deposited on top of thin (below 100 nm) copper and diamond-like carbon (DLC) films. Highly stressed films store large amounts of strain energy. When the strain en...

In Japan, the most common articular disease is knee osteoarthritis. Among many treatment methodologies, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have recently received a lot of attention. In this field, cells and scaffolds are important, both ex vivo and in vivo. From the viewpoint of effective treatment, in addition to histological features, the compatibility of mechanical properties is al...

We report on calculations of the formation energies of several @100# and @110# oriented step structures on biaxially stressed Si and Ge ~001! surfaces. It is shown that a novel rebonded @100# oriented single-height step is strongly stabilized by compressive strain compared to most well-known step structures. We propose that the side walls of ‘‘hut’’-shaped quantum dots observed in recent experi...

The application of magnesium alloys is greatly limited because of their relatively low strength and ductility. An effective way to improve the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy is to refine the grains. As the race for better materials performance is never ending, attempts to develop viable techniques for microstructure refinement continue. Further refining of grain size requires, however...

In compressive fracture of dry plexiform bone, we examine the individual roles of overall mean porosity, the connectivity of the porosity network, and the elastic as well as the failure properties of the nonporous matrix, using a random spring network model (RSNM). Porosity network structure is shown to reduce the compressive strength by up to 30%. However, the load-bearing capacity increases w...

mmer Bioengineering Conference, June 25-29, Sonesta Beach Resort in Key Biscayne, Florida in synovial joints is exposed to compressive normal activity. These mechanical signals are and homeostasis of the tissue. Consequently ng has been proposed within a tissue stimulation of isolated cells seeded within 3D antation. However, the mechanotransduction ch cells are able to sense and respond to thi...

To improve the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment, it is desirable to identify the physical properties of urinary calculi could offer direct correlation with their fragilities during ESWL and thus could be used to guide treatment procedures for more effective stone fragmentation. Thirty stone specimens removed surgically were compressed by an axial testing system...

A simple constitutive model of shape memory alloys for analyses of tension–compression quasiplastic behavior is derived. Here, three martensitic variants are considered; namely, thermal-induced, tensile stress-induced, and compressive stress-induced martensitic variants. Reorientation from one variant to another variant is assumed to take place according to a reorientation energy criterion base...

We report on polarization dependent optical absorption for excitonic and interband transitions in lattice matched (GaAs/AlGaAs) and strained (biaxial tensile strain GaAsP/AlGaAs; biaxial compressive strain InGaAs/AlGaAs) multiquantum well structures in the presence of transverse electric fields. The hole states are solved by using the Kohn-Luttinger Hamiltonian and using an eigenvalue technique...