This research paper addresses the ethical issues facing the construction industry of Pakistan. It forms a framework for ethical standards in the construction industry by recommending concrete measures. These have been based on the identification of ethical issues from the results of comprehensive and in depth research carried out through questionnaire survey, interviews and telephonic survey of...

With deeper levels of external process integration and a growing number of electronic business relationships, enterprises strive for becoming more interoperable with their business partners. Although B2B standards are supposed to ensure scalable B2B integration and m:n connectivity, enterprises face the challenge of ambiguous interpretations of standards when it comes to their implementation. T...

Established collaboration practices in the construction industry are document centric and are challenged by the introduction of Building Information Modelling (BIM). Document management collaboration systems (e.g. Extranets) have significantly improved the document collaboration in recent years; however their capabilities for model collaboration are limited and do not support the complex requir...

In the rapidly developing modern society, many raw materials, such as crushed limestone and river sand, which are limited, are consumed by the concrete industry. Naturally, the usage of waste materials in concrete have become an interesting research area in recent years, which is used to reduce the negative influence of concrete on the environment. Hence, this paper presents the development of ...

Corrosion of steel in concrete reduces the life and durability of concrete structures. It is a worldwide problem, which causes heavy losses to the economy and industry. The corrosion of steel is inevitable. The durability of concrete structures primarily depends on the condition of the embedded steel in concrete, apart from any deterioration that the concrete may undergo. To determine the condi...

According to the report of the United Nations, it is said that two-third of world population would be influenced by water shortage before 2050. To use fresh water effectively, the usage of seawater in concrete industry seems imperative. However, the usage of seawater as concrete material is prohibited in almost all the standards or specifications around the world. In this article, the usage of ...

recently full factorial design approach has been used to assess the recycling potential of a given waste. the objective of this study is to identify the significant factors and interactions involved in maximizing compressive strength of concrete when chromium waste is used as admixture. in this respect, experimental factors at two levels, which are admixture type (chromite/ chromite+ superplas...

The handling of mistakes in the mathematics classroom is an area in which only little research is done so far. In mathematics education there are, in fact, several investigations about students’ mistakes from a diagnostic perspective, but hardly any studies on the question how teachers react in concrete mathematics lessons. In this article theoretical aspects and results of different video stud...

Prestressed concrete (PSC) is one of the most reliable, durable and widely used construction materials, which overcomes the weakness of concrete in tension by the introduction of a prestress force. Smart strands enabling measurement of the prestress force have recently been developed to maintain PSC structures throughout their lifetime. However, the smart strand cannot give a representative ind...

We consider a real-life problem of scheduling clients orders in the production of concrete blocks in a factory of building industry. This problem can be modelled as a hybrid ̄ow shop scheduling problem with mixed no-wait/no-store constraints and mixed bottleneck/non-bottleneck machines. The objective function is to minimize maximum completion time. To solve the problem, we propose an approximat...