epizoochory and endozoochory are well-known mechanisms by which seeds are dispersed by animals. since, livestock gather around the watering-points to rest and drink, we expected to find that seeds would be frequently moved to the areas surrounding watering-points, resulting a higher soil seed density (and diversity) closest to the water. we investigated this issue by assessing soil seed bank de...

The wide ecological area consists of a rangeland with special vegetation and one of the key factors in rangeland management is to select Management Indicator Species (MIS). Management indicator species based on a new method such as Analytical Network Process-Decision Making Trial and Evaluation (ANP-DEMATEL) is one of the most important stages in the successful Range management as choosing a su...

soil water retention curve (swrc) is important in the studies of soil and water relationship, soil conservation, irrigation scheduling, drainage, solute transport, plant growth and crop water stress. the performance of 10 models (simons et al., libardy et al., campbell, farrell and larson, van genuchten, brooks and corey, driessen, exponential bruce-luxmore, power bruce-luxmore, and rogowski) w...

this study was carried out to investigate the effect of crown canopy of ziziphus spina-christi on seed bank characteristics (density and similarity with above ground flora) in two sites with saline-alkaline and alkaline soils. in each soil, forty plots were established, half in and half outside of z. spina-christi cover. in each plot, soil sampling was done from 0-5 and 5-10 cm depths. paired a...

A thorough understanding of how conservation tillage in ̄uences water quality is predicated on knowledge of how tillage affects water movement. This paper summarizes the effects of conservation tillage on water movement and quality mainly based on long-term experiments on Luvisols at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, OH, USA. Conservation tillage can have a much larger...

Rangelands are the main sources of forage for livestock feeding by localpeople. Beside forage production, rangeland ecosystems provide many other goods andservices such as medicinal plants, recreation, soil and water conservation, wildlife habitat,fishing, hunting, hiking, etc. Nevertheless, there are no much information about the waythat local communities think about the rangelands goods and s...

Increased yields with conservation tillage have been attributed to the conservation of soil water (Rao and Sustainable cropping systems are essential for agronomic, ecoDao, 1996; Papendick and Miller, 1977) due to decreased nomic, and environmental reasons. Data from a winter wheat (Tritievaporation and cooler soil temperatures (Gauer et al., cum aestivum L.)/summer fallow rotation experiment, ...

Nutrient resorption from senesced leaves as a nutrient conservation strategy is important for plants to adapt to nutrient deficiency, particularly in alpine and arid environment. However, the leaf nutrient resorption patterns of different functional plants across environmental gradient remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a transect survey of 12 communities to address foliar nitrogen (N)...