General relativity (GR) has a characteristic gauge invariance, which implies that its canonical Hamiltonian vanishes weakly. As a consequence, its dynamics is not governed by a genuine Hamiltonian, but rather by a “Hamiltonian constraint”. This peculiar feature of the theory has a crucial physical significance, connected to the relational nature of the general-relativistic spatiotemporal notion...

Non-binary constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) can be solved in two different ways. We can either translate the problem into an equivalent binary one and solve it using well-established binary CSP techniques or use extended versions of binary techniques directly on the non-binary problem. Recently, it has been shown that the hidden variable encoding is a promising method of translating non-...

In this paper we provide an analysis of the location of main stress in Pirah~a, from the perspective of Optimality Theory (OT) (Prince and Smolensky 1993, McCarthy and Prince 1993a,b). The three-syllable window for possible stress placement, coupled with quantity-sensitivity and default nality have to our knowledge de ed convincing explanation within current phonological theory. We will show th...

It is well known that any non-binary discrete constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) can be translated into an equivalent binary CSP. Two translations are known: the dual graph translation and the hidden variable translation. However, there has been little theoretical or experimental work on how well backtracking algorithms perform on these binary representations in comparison to their performan...