the changing demands on the health sectors in low- and middle-income countries especially sub-saharan african countries continue to challenge efforts to address critical shortages of the health workforce. addressing these challenges have led to the evolution of “non-physician clinicians” (npcs), that assume some physician roles and thus mitigate the continuing shortage of doctors in these count...

a decade ago, sub-saharan africa accounted for 24% of the global disease burden but was served by only 4% of the global health workforce. the chronic shortage of medical doctors has led other health professionals especially nurses to perform the role of healthcare providers. these health workers have been variously named clinical officers, health officers, physician assistants, nurse practition...

Physician assistants (PAs) have been used for decades in the Canadian military. Now, PAs are being introduced in various clinical settings to provide patient care for the general population. This article reviews major developments in the PA profession across Canada over the last decade. Nearly 541 PAs are employed in Canada or work for a Canadian agency. Growing evidence demonstrates the positi...

Jayant S Vaidya professor of surgery and oncology and consultant breast cancer surgeon 1 , Samuele Massarut director of oncological breast surgery , Hrisheekesh J Vaidya medical student , Emma C Alexander medical student , Thomas Richards consultant in clinical oncology , Jochem A Caris senior breast surgery registrar 7 , Bhawna Sirohi consultant medical oncologist , Jeffrey S Tobias professor ...

THE JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY M. R. Reed, FRCS, Specialist Registrar W. Bliss, MRCS, Specialist Registrar J. L. Sher, FRCS, Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon K. P. Emmerson, FRCS, Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon S. M. G. Jones, FRCS, Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon P. F. Partington, FRCS, Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon Department of Orthopaedics, Wansbeck General Hospital, Ashington NE63 9JJ...