Pests and pathogens are a continuous threat to the health of Western honey bee Apis mellifera L. Monitoring colonies for arthropod pests, disease-causing bacteria fungi, early detection new invasions is essential maintain pollination services provided by bees. We investigated feasibility using eDNA metabarcoding detect pests in hives across their foraging environment. sampled 13 sources within ...

Comparing to the Chen-Ruan cohomology theory for the almost complex orbifolds, we study the orbifold cohomology theory for almost contact orbifolds. We define the Chen-Ruan cohomology group of any almost contact orbifold. Using the methods for almost complex orbifolds (see [2]), we define the obstruction bundle for any 3-multisector of the almost contact orbifolds and the Chen-Ruan cup product ...

Pest index, a new approach to categorizing the threat posed by an organism to woody plants, is proposed to assist plant managers in establishing treatment thresholds for pests of woody plants. The need for such a tool is based on the incredible diversity of pests of woody plants and the lack of experimental data establishing such thresholds. The pest index is computed using information about th...

Background: The most commonly used insecticide by 99.8% farmers in West Sumatra, is chlorpyrifos which contains organophosphates. Chlorpyrifos is used to kill insects and other pests and works as the contact poison, gastric toxins, and inhalation. It is very useful for farmers in keeping the plants such as corn, citrus, peanuts, and so forth. Chlorpyrifos can enter the water body with direct a...

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid systemic insecticide. It used to control agricultural pests. controls the insects from within plant. This product applied soil and taken up by roots. belongs new chemical family of chloronicotinyl compounds. Its mode action on insect nervous system differs that traditional neurotoxic product. compound considered relatively safer human beings, but it can lead pote...

The product to be handled in a refrigerated facility defines the building's function. Will the incoming product be fresh or frozen? If the product is fresh, how much and what kind of further processing will there be done in the facility? This consideration will define the need for ice production and handling, special cutting, portioning, or other processing and/or cooking machinery. Will the fu...

In the long run, this holistic approach to dealing with pests should reduce pesticide use, provide economic savings for the farmer and protect both the environment and human health. The term ‘integrated’ implies incorporation of natural enemy/antagonist levels into decision-making, and use of compatible, non-disruptive tactics that preserve these agents. Integration can be viewed as either vert...

osmotic dehydration under discontinuous reduced pressure is one of the new methods of preparation fruits and vegetable processing with in view of good health. processing of foods at high temperatures used to cook them can cause the formation of carcinogenic substances like acrylamide, and this risk remains even if the trans-fat is removed. the low temperatures employed in this method resulted i...

In order to improve the recognition rate and accuracy of stored grain pests classification, saving classification time, a new recognition method based on the Gabor wavelet and sparse representation is proposed in this paper. In this paper, nine typical pests in the stored grain are regarded as the research object, Gabor energy features and morphological features are extracted, principal compone...

Exotic forest pests cost China and the United States billions of dollars each year. Current regulatory systems worldwide are overwhelmed with the increasing volume of international trade. Trade in nursery stock, wood products, pallets and dunnage have proven the most common means of transport for exotic forest pests. Despite our best efforts, pests such as chestnut blight, gypsy moth, Dutch elm...