In optical modulation, the highest available modulation rate is basically limited to the GHz frequency range at best. This is because optical modulation is often performed using electro-optic or acousto-optic effects that require application of an external signal to solid-state nonlinear optical materials. Here we describe optical modulation of continuous-wave radiation at frequencies exceeding...

This letter investigates a serially concatenated convolutional coded M-ary continuous phase modulation (CPM). Using the decomposition model of a CPM system, the soft-input-soft-output detectors for M-ary CPM is investigated in detail. Based on these, the performance of bit-interleaved coded-modulation (BICM) schemes is studied. Simulation results show that due to the presence of the conversion ...

Abstract The generation of optical pulse trains from continuous-wave light has attracted growing attention in recent years because it provides a simple way to obtain high repetition rate ultrashort pulses. While been extensively demonstrated fibers, train weak, continuous wave photonic chips posed significant challenges the short interaction length and therefore difficulty acquiring sufficient ...

Introduction: It is known that acute and chronic stress induce hormonal and neuronal changes which affecting both pain threshold and nociceptive behaviours. Orexin plays an important role in modulation of pain and stress. Considering pain modulation during stress and the role of orexin in pain and stress, orexin might be involved in pain modulation during stress.We evaluated the involvement ...

Different from a bulk phase, a gas nanophase can have a significant effect on liquid motion. Herein we report a series of experimental results on molecular behaviors of water in a zeolite β of molecular-sized nanopores. If sufficient time is provided, the confined water molecules can be "locked" inside a nanopore; otherwise, gas nanophase provides a driving force for water "outflow". This is du...

In this paper we propose a matched decoding scheme for convolutionally encoded transmission over intersymbol interference (ISI) channels and devise a nonlinear trellis description. As an application we show that for coded continuous phase modulation (CPM) using a non–coherent receiver the number of states of the super trellis can be significantly reduced by means of a matched non–linear trellis...

We investigate the behaviour of the continuous wavelet and Gabor coefficients in the asymptotic limit, using stationary phase approximations. In particular, we show how, under some additional assumptions, these coefficients allow the extraction of some characteristics of the analysed signal, like for example frequency and amplitude modulation laws. We also briefly discuss applications to spectr...

Abstract It is reported in this paper a method to fabricate three dimensional continuous micro-optical structures using half tone masks and proximity printing. The frequency modulation coded half tone masks are employed to obtain the predetermined exposure distribution. Several components like Cylinder microlens arrays, phase correctors are realized in photoresists.

We have recently shown that the vacuum-deposited complex [Fe(II)L(NCS)2] (L: 1-{6-[1,1-di(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-pyridin-2-yl}-N,N-dimethylmethanamine) is capable of a thermally induced spin crossover (SCO) in direct contact with a graphite surface. The SCO significantly differs from the transition behaviour in the bulk phase (powder). In the present work, the assumption of virtually no intermolec...