Accurately determining sediment loads is necessary for managing river environments but difficult because multiple processes can lead to large discharge-independent changes in transport. Thus, estimations of load using discharge–sediment rating curves fit sparse or historical sediment-transport measurements be inaccurate, necessitating alternative approaches reduce uncertainty. Continuous uncert...

This paper discusses the discretization of continuous-time filters for application to discrete time series sampled at any fixed frequency. In this approach, the filter is first set up directly in continuous-time – since the filter is expressed over a continuous range of lags, we also refer to them as continuous-lag filters. The second step is to discretize the filter itself. This approach appli...

High-Efficiency Oil–Water Filter In article number 2100594, Jiawei Hu, Yi Chen, and co-workers prepare a high-efficiency oil–water filter by coating sodium alginate hydrogel layer in the surface of porous sand core. This exhibits excellent separation ability toward mixed liquor emulsion. Moreover, it has chemical stability, easy cleanliness, strong durability. All these characteristics make thi...

This study presents a filter system for the removal of pathogenic microorganisms from potable water using silver nanoparticle-modified silica sand. While sand has potential applications in wastewater treatment, its effectiveness microbial filtration falls short. Thus, there is need an environmentally friendly enhancement method. The nanoparticles were synthesized Commelina maculata leaf extract...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare between slow and rapid sand filters for the removal of free-living amoebae during drinking water treatment production. METHODS Overall, 48 water samples were collected from two drinking water treatment plants having two different filtration systems (slow and rapid sand filters) and from inlet and outlet of each plant. Water samples were collecte...

A fundamental aspect of signal processing is filtering. Filtering involves the manipulation of the spectrum of a signal by passing or blocking certain portions of the spectrum, depending on the frequency of those portions. Discrete time IIR filter design can be a very complex procedure in discrete time domain. Therefore, transformations have been developed to use well known design methods in co...

Wastewater from the rubber industry that is not treated optimally can be one of causes environmental damage. Initial concentration COD waste liquid 711 mg/l and TSS 407 mg / l. Biosand Filter with activated carbon eliminate pathogenic bacteria by passing sand in filter will absorb organic substances. This study aims to determine effectiveness reduction, TSS, using a reactor BioSand dimensions u...

Two digging decapod crustaceans, the sand crab species Lepidopa benedicti and the mole crab species Emerita benedicti, both live in the swash zone of fine sand beaches. They were examined for two parasites that infect decapod crustaceans in the region, an unidentified nematode previously shown to infect L. benedicti, and cestode tapeworm larvae, Polypocephalus sp., previously shown to infect sh...