in spite of different ideas of islamic jurists, in iranian law, in article 184 of civil law, the suspended contract has been accepted and only exceptionally, this contract is null. in the french law and some of the islamic countries, there are two kinds or suspensions: suspension of formation of contract and suspension of dissolution of contract. in the civil law of these countries, the event t...

Current trends in humanitarian accountability are unpacked through the examination of an system put place after 2010 monsoon floods Pakistan. Humanitarian accountability, when narrowly understood as a technical and procedural tool, can undermine local self-advocacy efforts, silence community dissent supress broader equity claims. Reframing political ethical project inspire innovation, support f...

BACKGROUND Robust evidence on interventions to improve the shortage of health workers in rural areas is needed. We assessed stated factors that would attract short-term contract nurses and midwives to work in a rural area of Peru. METHODS AND FINDINGS A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted to evaluate the job preferences of nurses and midwives currently working on a short-term contr...

This paper provides an empirical investigation into the relationship between ex ante U.S. labor contract durations and uncertainty over the period 1970 to 1995. We construct measures of inflation uncertainty as well as aggregate nominal and real uncertainty. The results not only corroborate previous findings of an inverse relationship between contract duration and inflation uncertainty, but als...

International migration is one of the issues in international relations, where movement people between countries getting more accessible. The problem based on legal and illegal immigration into territory a nation. focus this research contract workers, professionals or foreign workers. study aims to analyse arrangements for workers after enactment law No 11 2020 concerning Job Creation. method, ...

This paper studies contract selection between efficiency wages and subjective performance pay to motivate workers in a market setting. The optimal wage contract (which may be a combination of efficiency wages and subjective performance pay) is determined by turnover costs in labor markets. Specifically, labor markets with higher turnover costs use more subjective performance pay and less effici...

This paper studies the optimal joint design of disability insurance and unemployment insurance in an environment with moral hazard, when health status is private information, and cyclical fluctuations. I show how disability benefits and unemployment benefits vary with aggregate economic conditions in an optimal contract. In a special case of the model, I first show the optimal contract can be s...

The two sides in the strike of the Transport Workers Union Local 234 against SEPTA management are do"• ing a lot of talking — just not to each other. While the city and the 450,000 people who rely on SEPTA subways, buses and trolleys every day are beginning to feel the increasing effects of the transit shutdown, neither the union nor SEPTA seems willing to come to the table to negotiate a new c...

OBJECTIVES To analyze gender inequalities in employment and working conditions, the work-life balance, and work-related health problems in a sample of the employed population in Spain in 2007, taking into account social class and the economic sector. METHODS Gender inequalities were analyzed by applying 25 indicators to the 11,054 workers interviewed for the VI edition of the National Working...