Maintenance of substrate water potential in petri dishes is achieved by using vapor-pressure controlling, solute-amended agar gel discs attached to the inside of the top halves of the dishes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the operational control of water fluoridation at the city water supply plant in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from January to December 2000. The water treatment supervisor filled out a questionnaire on the control of water fluoridation. In addition, water samples were collected every two weeks for fluoride analysis before and after treatment. Samples wer...

Classical molecular dynamics simulations of several aqueous alkali halide salt solutions have been used to determine the effect of electrolytes on the structure of water and the hydration properties of calcium ions. Compared with the simulations of Ca(2+) ions in pure liquid water, the frequency of water exchange in the first hydration shell of calcium, which is a fundamental process in control...

Background: Continuous expansion of potable water pollution sources is one of the main concerns of water suppliers, therefore measures such as water safety plan (WSP), have been taken into account to control these sources of pollution. The aim of this study was to identify probable risks and threatening hazards to drinking water quality in Lighvan village along with assessment of bank filtratio...

The use of ceramic low pressure membranes for drinking water production has been increasing in the past decades. However, fouling during membrane operations is still a challenging topic that requires attention and investigation. During filtration of surface water, a major contribution to fouling is attributed to the presence of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and its fractions which comprise biop...

Golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker 1857) is a filter-collector species of fresh water mussel originating from southern China. In the water transfer tunnels from the East River to Shenzhen and Hong Kong, golden mussels attach to the walls of pipelines and gates, causing serious biofouling, increased flow resistance, and resulted in corrosion of the tunnel wall. Golden mussel has very high...

A large-scale water capsule was formed after 8 times inrush of mud and water in Yonglian tunnel. The capsule seriously inhabited the construction of the tunnel. By combining with the geological conditions in tunnel site, the causes and characteristics of the water capsule were analyzed. Its spatial location and size were explorated by comprehensive exploration methods. In order to control the w...

Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is an important solanaceous vegetable crop in Bangladesh. The average yield of eggplant in the country is quite low. Among the various factors responsible for the low yield, phomopsis blight caused by Phomopsis vexans is the most devastating disease. When the leaves and twigs are infected, they become blighted and fruits get rotten and become mummified (Meah, 2003)....

the use of acoustic waves in researches related to sea water is of most importance among scientistsrecently. since these waves are the only waves, transmitted in water with lowest attenuation and high speed, they canbe used in many scientific fields. the main goal of this research is to better understand the physics and mechanismsof sound-seabed interaction, including acoustic penetration, prop...