Accurate assessments of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration in natural ecosystems are necessary to develop climate mitigation strategies. Regional national-level require high-resolution data be available for large areas, increasing the need remote sensing products that quantify stocks fluxes. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides guidelines how flux using l...

We report on glioblastoma multiple spinal intraaxial metastases with primary disease radiologically under control. The case highlights glioblastoma biological behavior and spread mechanisms; dissemination may have occurred initially and been controlled by chemotherapy, or more likely, is an indicator that even if radiologically dormant, disease is unlikely biologically inactive.

De novo glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) of the spine is rare. We present a patient with a unique GBM arising within the conus and radiographically mimicking a filum terminale ependymoma. During surgery the lesion was notable for its highly vascular and diffuse infiltration of the surrounding spinal cord parenchyma. The operative goals were altered to account for the unexpected pathology. The trea...

Abstract We examine the drought variability over conterminous United States (CONUS) for 1915–2018 using Noah-MP land surface model. different model options on reconstruction, including optional representation of groundwater and dynamic vegetation phenology. Over our 104-yr reconstruction period, we identify 12 great droughts that each covered at least 36% CONUS lasted 5 months. The tend to have...

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are air pollutants critical to ozone and fine particle production in the troposphere. Here, we present fuel-based emission inventories updated 2018, including for mobile source engines using Fuel-based Inventory of Vehicle Emissions (FIVEs) oil gas Oil Gas (FOG) inventory. The FIVE emissions now consistent with NEI17 estimates differing within 2% across contiguous US (CONU...

A population of Conus pennaceus Born was examined at Hauula, Oahu, and was found to include darkly pigmented specimens referable to C. elisae Kiener. The larvae from an egg mass laid by one of the darkly pigmented cones were reared in the laboratory. Of seven surviving larvae, six developed the C. pennaceus color pattern, while one developed the. C. elisae pattern. It was concluded that Hawaiia...

The venoms of cone snails (genus Conus) are remarkably complex, consisting of hundreds of typically short, disulfide-rich peptides termed conotoxins. These peptides have diverse pharmacological targets, with injection of venom eliciting a range of physiological responses, including sedation, paralysis and sensory overload. Most conotoxins target the prey's nervous system but evidence of venom p...

[1] Recent photographic documentation of poor siting conditions at stations in the U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) has led to questions regarding the reliability of surface temperature trends over the conterminous United States (CONUS). To evaluate the potential impact of poor siting/instrument exposure on CONUS temperatures, trends derived from poor andwell sited USHCN stations wer...

Diversity among Conus toxins mirrors the high species diversity in the Indo-Pacific region, and evolution of both is thought to stem from feeding-niche specialization derived from intra-generic competition. This study focuses on Conus californicus, a phylogenetic outlier endemic to the temperate northeast Pacific. Essentially free of congeneric competitors, it preys on a wider variety of organi...

At 2 months of age, a radiograph of the spine was repeated, and a hemivertebra was demonstrated at the L5 level, as bowel shadows were less prominent (Fig 1). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine was performed to investigate spinal dysraphism at the age of 5 months (Fig 2). The conus was at L2/3 level, and there were no other associated findings of cord tethering (thickened filum, fila...