The effect of vacuum pre-cooling process on leaf lettuce was a complex process of heat and mass transfers. Based on the physical properties of leaf lettuce in vacuum pre-cooling process, an unsteady computation model was constructed to analyze the factors affecting vacuum pre-cooling. Some factors such as the pre-cooling temperature, pressure and quantity of the spray-applied water were verifie...

OBJECTIVE Heat-related illness is a common disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite no proven efficacy, application of chemical cold packs (CCP) to the skin overlying the large vessels of the neck, groin, and axillae is a traditional recommended cooling modality. The study objective was to compare the cooling rates of CCP applied to these traditional areas vs the glabrous skin ...

The ice crystal formation is assumed as the most lethal factor for the failure of fish embryo cryopreservation and intracellular ice formation (IIF) plays a central role in cell injury during cooling. The objectives were to observe the morphological changes of red seabream (Pagrus major) embryo during the cooling-thawing process, and to examine the effect of cryoprotectant and cooling rate on t...

We investigated the synergetic effect between light-emitting diode (LED) lighting efficiency and building energy savings in heating and cooling using an alternative thermal operating system (ATOS) of indoor LED lighting integrated with the ventilation system of a building as an active cooling device. The heat generated from LED lighting and the indoor lighting illuminance were experimentally de...

A simple effect one stage ammonia-water absorption cooling system fueled by solar energy is analyzed. The considered system is composed by a parabolic trough collector concentrating solar energy into a tubular receiver for heating water. This is stored in a fully mixed thermal storage tank and used in the vapor generator of the absorption cooling system. Time dependent cooling load is considere...

We study steady, homogeneous and subsonic cooling flows in poor clusters of galaxies in light of the recent proposal that radiative cooling of the intracluster gas can explain the observations of the ‘entropy floor’ and other related X-ray observations. We study a family of cooling flow solutions parameterized by the mass flux rate, and then determine the resulting entropy and the X-ray luminos...

Air film cooling has been widely employed to cool gas turbine hot components such as combustor liners, combustor transition pieces, turbine vanes and blades. Enhancing air film cooling by injecting mist with tiny water droplets with diameters of 5-10μm has been studied in the past on flat surfaces. This paper focuses on computationally investigating the curvature effect on mist/air film cooling...

Whether precooling is beneficial for exercise performance in warm climates when heat acclimatised is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of precooling on repeat-sprint performance during a simulated team-sport circuit performed outdoors in warm, dry field conditions in seasonally acclimatised males (n = 10). They performed two trials, one with precooling (PC; ice slus...

BACKGROUND Exercise increases core body temperature (Tc), which is necessary to optimise physiological processes. However, excessive increase in Tc may impair performance and places participants at risk for the development of heat-related illnesses. Cooling is an effective strategy to attenuate the increase in Tc. This meta-analysis compares the effects of cooling before (precooling) and during...

We investigate the effect of dust on the scaling properties of galaxy clusters based on hydrodynamic N -body simulations of structure formation. We have simulated five dust models plus a radiative cooling and adiabatic models using the same initial conditions for all runs. The numerical implementation of dust was based on the analytical computations of Montier & Giard (2004). We set up dust sim...