Background: Social confidence is considered an important element in entrepreneurship. Objectives: Given the importance of employment and entrepreneurship of veterans, the present research aimed to determine the status of social confidence in veteran entrepreneurs of Zanjan Province. Methods: In this survey. the statistical sample included all veteran entrepreneurs of Zanjan Province with ...

Alliance raises many knowledge transfer and interfirm learning issues that have implications for how the alliance partners manage their cooperative learning activities in the alliance system. Many of these implications are grounded in the assumption that partners in the alliances have routines for transferring knowledge, learning, gaining management efficiencies. Thus organisations can support ...

Reading comprehension has recently been reconceptualized in EFL reading instruction to foreground the importance of putting a social perspective on learning. Developed as a crucial aspect of Vygotskian sociocultural theory, activity theory views reading as a socially-mediated activity, for which the prerequisite cognitive processes are distributed among teacher, individual reader, other student...

The present study compared the effect of cooperative group feedback and cooperative group writing techniques in writing classes. Accordingly, 90 male and female intermediate English language learners sat for a sample piloted Preliminary English Test and 60 who scored one standard deviation above and below the mean were selected as the main participants. Both groups were taught the same course b...

Cognitive radios (CRs) have been recently emerging as prime candidates to enhance spectral efficiency by exploiting spectrum-aware systems which can reliably monitor licensed users’ activities. CR users monitor such activities by performing spectrum sensing to detect potential white spaces. However, this process of local sensing might be a challenging task in fading environments. The inefficien...

Public Law 93-641 provides health systems agencies (HSAs) with a broad planning preview which has enabled a number of agencies to address environmental health issues in their health systems plans. Opponents of HSA involvement in environmental health planning charge that these activities overextend agency resources, duplicate efforts of other government agencies and involve HSAs in "issues of pu...

In this article we present the use of knowledge for a Mediation System, developed to give support to participants in mechanical-system-designer activities. To use a cooperative system sufficient assistance is needed to facilitate and coordinate actors’ activities. To accomplish this goal we introduce an artificial actor: Mediator. The Mediator forms part of the group of collaborative, with the ...

ITS R&D activities have been intensively carried out since 1980s in three worldwide regions: Asia-Pacific, North America and Europe. In Japan, although CACS, a navigation system, started already in early 1970s, it seems too early to be accepted in public. Then, from the middle of 1980s, several ITS projects such as RACS, AMTICS and SSVS were initiated separately by the corresponding ministries....

groundwater is one of the common resources in varamin plain, but due to over extraction it has been exposed to ruin. this phenomenon will lead to economic and environmental problems. on the other hand, the world is expected to face with more stochastic events of water supply. furthermore, incorporating stochastic consideration of water supply becomes more acute in designing water facilities. th...