Organic farming technology may be relatively unknown to farmers at the time when they switch from conventional into organic farming. Therefore, experience gained over time and learning by doing may be important determinants in the efficiency of organic farming. It may also take time to reach the optimal nutrient stock of soil and optimal nutrient supply for arable crops under organic farming. T...

INTRODUCTION Occupational exposure to noxious dusts, gases, and fumes most likely contributes to obstructive lung disease. We studied whether self-reported farming work is associated with non-reversible airways obstruction. METHODS Following the burden of obstructive lung disease (BOLD) study protocol, we surveyed a gender-stratified population-based sample of 2,200 adults aged 40 years and o...

During the last decades, high-efficiency farming equipment has been developed in the agricultural sector. This has also included efficiency improvement of moving techniques, which include increased working speeds and widths. Therefore, the risk of wild animals being accidentally injured or killed during routine farming operations has increased dramatically over the years. In particular, the nes...

OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of prostate cancer associated with farming by duration, recency and specific activities among African-Americans and Caucasians. METHODS This population-based case-control study had information on farming-related activities for 405 incident prostate cancer cases and 392 controls matched for age, race and region in South Carolina, USA, from 1999 to 2001. Cases wi...

background the direct and indirect negative impacts of hypertension on mortality and morbidity and the deficiencies in physicians’ knowledge on its management prompted us to search for new methods of training this item. objectives in this study, 2 methods of teaching—planned lecture and cooperation—were compared in instructing hypertension to medical students. materials and methods this study w...

Clustering was used to divide dryland farming areas in western Iran into homogeneoussub-regions to identify dryland farming potential, considering drought impacts. Clusteringutilized eight algorithms/four indices to detect optimal number of clusters. Ward’s algorithmvalidated by Silhouette index, produced the best result by detecting 7 dryland farming clusters.Based on similar P/ETo values, fou...

Forest farming in North America is becoming popular as a way for landowners to diversify income opportunities, improve management of forest resources, and increase biological diversity. People have been informally " farming the forests " for generations. However, in recent years, attention has been directed at formalizing forest farming and improving it through research and development activiti...

Introduction: In Pharmacy Diploma Program, mathematics is known as pharmaceutical mathematics. Due to the importance of pharmaceutical mathematics in practice, it is important to have a basic mathematical skill as a basis in calculations in pharmaceutical science. Therefore, it is necessary to create a lecturing condition that enables students more active in understanding the lessons. This rese...

There is controversy on the conditions under which cooperative learning methods can improve academic achievement. Group-specific motivational aspects might contribute to the effectiveness of cooperative learning among which classroom goal structures were focused on. More specifically, the study aimed at investigating the efficiency of cooperative writing technique through performance versus mas...